We have audited the accompanying financial statements of THIRANI PROJECTS LIMITED ("theCompany'') which comprises the Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2025, the Statement of Profitand Loss and statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the financialstatements, including a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatoryinformation.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us,the aforesaid financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013(the 'Act') in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with theaccounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs (financial position) of theCompany as at March 31, 2025, and profit/loss (financial performance) and its cash flows for theyear ended on that date.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified undersection 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those Standards are further described inthe Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. Weare independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute ofChartered Accountants of India together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to ouraudit of the financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, andwe have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements andthe Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of mostsignificance in our audit of the Financial Statements of the current period. These matters wereaddressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and informing ouropinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to becommunicated in our report:
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Key Audit Matter
Auditor's Response
1
Revenue Recognition and NPA
Refer Note 5, 6, 10 and 14 of accompaniedfinancial statements.
The Company has to comply withprudential norms relating to incomerecognition, accounting standards, assetclassification and provisioning for bad anddoubtful debts as applicable to it in theterms of NBFC - Non-SystemicallyImportant Non-Deposit taking company(Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016.
Our procedures included, but were notlimited to the following:
• Obtained an understanding ofmanagement's process and evaluateddesign and tested operatingeffectiveness of controls aroundcompliance with prudential normsencompassing income recognition,income from investments, accountingstandards, accounting for investments,asset classification, provisioning for badand doubtful debts in the terms ofDirections.
• Examination of whether themanagement has framed andimplemented policy for grant anddemand of loans and other creditfacilities.
• Examination of whether advances andother credit facilities have beenproperly classified asstandard/substandard/doubtful/lossand that proper provision has beenmade in accordance with theDirections.
• Examination in respect of a Non¬Performing Assets, whether theunrealised income in respect of suchassets has not been taken to the Profit& Loss Account on accrual basis.
• Examination of whether all accountswhich have been classified as NPAs inthe previous year also continue to beshown as such in the current year also.If the same is not treated as an NPA inthe current year, specific examinationof such accounts to ascertain whetherthe account has become regular andthe same can be treated as performingas per the Directions.
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the preparation of the other information.The other information comprises the information included in the Board's Report includingAnnexures to Board's Report but does not include the financial statements and our auditor'sreport thereon.
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do notexpress any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the otherinformation and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistentwith the financial statements or our knowledge obtained during the course of our audit orotherwise appears to be materially misstated.
If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement ofthis other information; we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in thisregard.
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of theAct with respect to the preparation of these financial statements that give a true and fair viewof the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the Company in accordancewith the accounting principles generally accepted in India. This responsibility also includesmaintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act forsafeguarding of the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and otherirregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgmentsand estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenanceof adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracyand completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation ofthe financial statement that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement,whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company'sability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concernand using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidatethe Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeing the company's financial reportingprocess.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as awhole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue anauditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance butis not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a materialmisstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are consideredmaterial if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence theeconomic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintainprofessional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whetherdue to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, andobtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for oneresulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design auditprocedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of theCompanies Act, 2013, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether thecompany has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements inplace and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness ofaccounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis ofaccounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty existsrelated to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability tocontinue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we arerequired to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the financialstatements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions arebased on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, futureevents or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements,including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlyingtransactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements in the financial statements that, individually or inaggregate, makes it probable that the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable userof the financial statements may be influenced. We consider quantitative materiality andqualitative factors in (i) planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of ourwork; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of any identified misstatements in the financial statements.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, theplanned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significantdeficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied withrelevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them allrelationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence,and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine thosematters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the currentperiod and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor'sreport unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, inextremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in ourreport because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected tooutweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ("the Order"), issued by the
Central Government of India in terms of sub-section (11) of section 143 of the Companies
Act, 2013, we give in the "Annexure-A" a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3
and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best ofour knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by theCompany so far as it appears from our examination of those books.
c. The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss, and the Cash Flow Statement dealtwith by this Report are in agreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid financial statements comply with the Accounting Standardsspecified under Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts)Rules, 2014.
e. On the basis of the written representations received from the directors as on 31st March,2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on31st March, 2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164 (2) of theAct.
f. With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to financialstatements of the Company and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to ourseparate Report in "Annexure-B". Our report expresses an unmodified opinion on theadequacy and operating effectiveness of the company's internal financial controls overfinancial reporting.
g. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordancewith the requirements of section 197 of the Act, as amended:
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations givento us, the remuneration paid by the Company to its directors during the year is inaccordance with the provisions of section 197 of the Act.
h. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordancewith Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, in our opinion and to thebest of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company does not have any pending litigations which would impacts its financialposition in its financial statements;
ii. The Company did not have any long-term contracts including derivative contracts forwhich there were any material foreseeable losses;
iii. There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Educationand Protection Fund by the Company.
iv.
a. The management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, nofunds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds orshare premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the company to or in anyother person or entity, including foreign entities ("Intermediaries"), with theunderstanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall,whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified inany manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") orprovide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
b. The management has represented, that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, nofunds have been received by the company from any person or entity, includingforeign entities ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend orinvest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or onbehalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee,security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries; and
c. Based on such audit procedures performed that have been considered reasonableand appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that hascaused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (a) and (b) containany material misstatement.
v. The company has not declared or paid any dividend during the year in contravention ofthe provisions of section 123 of the Companies Act, 2013.
vi. Proviso to Rule 3(1) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 for maintaining books ofaccounts using accounting software which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log)facility is applicable with effect from April 1, 2023 to the Company and accordingly, the samehas been complied with by the company from November 10, 2023 onwards effectively.
Based on our examination, which included test checks, the Company has usedaccounting software for maintaining its books of account for the financial year endedMarch 31, 2025 which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and thesame has operated w.e.f November 10, 2023 for all relevant transactions recorded in thesoftware. Further, during the course of our audit we did not come across any instance ofthe audit trail feature being tampered with. Additionally, the software includesfunctionality to disable the audit trail as necessary
3. As required by the "Non-Banking Financial Companies Auditors Report (Reserve Bank)Directions, 1998", we further state that we have submitted a Report to the Board ofDirectors of the Company containing a statement on the matters of supervisory concern tothe Reserve Bank of India as specified in the said directions, namely the following:
a. Company has been granted certificate of registration as NBFC by Reserve Bank of Indiaand the Registration No. 05.01500 dated 20.04.1998.
b. The Board of Directors of the Company has passed a Resolution for non-acceptance of anypublic deposits. The Company has not accepted any public deposits during the year underreference.
c. The Company has complied with the prudential norms relating to income recognition,accounting standards, asset classification and provisioning of bad doubtful debts asapplicable to it.
Chartered Accountants
Firm Reg. No. : 321093E
Partner
M. No. : 313042
Place: Kolkata
Date: 30th May, 2025
UDIN: 25313042BMOZKX2294