Ind AS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets - The amendment specifies that the 'cost of fulfilling' a contract comprises the 'costs that relate directly to the contract'. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts (an example would be the allocation of the depreciation charge for an item of property, plant and equipment used in fulfilling the contract). The effective date for adoption of this amendment is annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2022, although early adoption is permitted. The Company has evaluated the amendment and the impact is not expected to be material.

Statement of profit and loss:

Additional disclosures relating to Code of Social security, undisclosed income and crypto or virtual currency specified under the head 'additional information' in the notes forming part of the standalone financial statements.

The amendments are extensive and the Company will evaluate the same to give effect to them as required by law.

1B.2 Property, Plant and Equipment depreciation

Cost of all assets, where the cost exceeds Rs. 10,000 and the estimated useful life is two years or more, is capitalized. Property Plant and Equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost of property Plant and Equipment is net of eligible credits under applicable Indirect Tax Scheme. Expenditure directly related and incidental to construction are capitalized up to the date of attainment of commercial production. Interest and other related costs, including amortized cost of borrowings attributable only to qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective assets. Expenses incurred on major refurbishment extending the life of Plant and Machinery has been capitalized to the respective Asset. Capital work-in-progress is carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

Assets are depreciated on straight line basis, over their estimated useful life as below.

a) Assets subject to impairment, on the asset's revised carrying amount, over its remaining useful life.

b) Other assets over the estimated useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as of April 1, 2016 (the transition date) measured as per the previous GAAP and use such carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.

Depreciation/ amortisation:

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets (other than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

Freehold land is not depreciated

De-recognition:

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.

Impairment losses

At the end of each reporting period, the Company determines whether there is any indication that its assets (property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments in equity instruments in subsidiaries carried at cost) have suffered an impairment loss with reference to their carrying amounts. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and value in use) of such assets is estimated and impairment is recognised, if the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

1B.3 Leases

The Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 116 is applicable from FY 2019-20 and it replaces Ind AS 17.

Ind AS 116 requires entity to determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at the inception of the contract.

Ind AS 116 requires lessee to recognise a liability to make lease payments and an asset representing the right to use asset during the lease term for all leases except for short term leases and leases of low-value assets.

Ind AS 116 requires lessee company to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as costs relating to the

termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to the Company's operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

The cost of the right-of-use asset comprised of, the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received, any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee.

The lease liability comprises of (a) fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable; (b) variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date (c) amounts expected to be payable by the company under residual value guarantees;(d) the exercise price of a purchase option if the company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and (e) payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease.

Depreciation on Right to use asset and impairment losses if any is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Computed on a straight line basis over the period of lease. Also the company separately recognises interest on lease liability as a component of finance cost in Statement of Profit and Loss.

The Company currently does not have an lease arrangements.

1B.4 Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value; cost being ascertained on the following basis:

Stores, spares, consumable tools, and raw materials: on weighted average cost basis.

Work-in-progress, finished goods: under absorption costing method with the cost of incomplete work at the end of the year, being estimated.

Cost includes taxes and duties and is net of eligible credits under Indirect taxes applicable.

Obsolete / slow moving inventories are adequately provided for.

1B.5 Foreign currency transactions and derivatives

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at closing rate. Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized as income or expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1B.6 Revenue recognition

Ind AS 115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Ind AS 115 establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising from contracts with customers and requires that revenue be recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to

which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. Ind AS 115 requires entities to exercise judgement, taking into consideration all of the relevant facts and circumstances when applying each step of the model to contracts with their customers. It also specifies the accounting for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract and the costs directly related to fulfilling a contract. The company has adopted the modified retrospective method of applying Ind AS 115 Revenue from Contract with customers in its initial year of application.

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of products is recognised at the point in time when control of the asset is transferred to the customer, generally when the product is shipped to the customer.

Other Revenues

Other operating revenues comprise of income from ancillary activities (eg: scrap sales) incidental to the operations of the Company and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of the contract.

Revenue in excess of invoicing (referred to also as unbilled revenue) are classified as Contract Assets while invoicing in excess of revenues (referred to also as unearned revenue) are classified as Contract liabilities.

1B.7 Employee benefits

(a) Short term employee benefit obligations are estimated and provided for.

(b) Post-employment benefits and other long term employee benefits Retirement benefit costs and termination benefits:

Payments to defined contribution plans i.e., Company's contribution to provident fund, employee state insurance and other funds are determined under the relevant schemes and/ or statute and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period of incurrence when the services are rendered by the employees.

For defined benefit plans i.e. Company's liability towards gratuity (unfunded), other retirement/ terminations benefits and compensated absences, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Defined benefit costs are comprised of:

• service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements);

• net interest expense or income; and

• re-measurement.

The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in profit or loss in the line item 'Employee benefits expense'. Curtailment gains and losses are accounted for as past service costs.

Re-measurement of net defined benefit liability/ asset pertaining to gratuity comprise of actuarial gains/ losses (i.e. changes in the present value resulting from experience adjustments and effects of changes in actuarial assumptions) and is reflected immediately in the balance sheet with a charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and is not reclassified to profit or loss.

A liability for a termination benefits like expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme is recognised at the earlier of when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of termination benefit or when the Company recognises any related restructuring costs.

Short-term and other long-term employee benefits:

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of salaries, wages, performance incentives, medical benefits and other short term benefits in the period the related service is rendered, at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service. Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

1B.8 Income taxes

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

Current tax: Current tax is determined on taxable profits for the year chargeable to tax in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 including other applicable tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted.

Deferred tax: Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. Deferred tax asset is recognised for the carry forward of unused tax losses and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

1B.9 Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

1B.10 Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss. Financial assets: All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

Classification of financial assets

The financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets are added to the fair value of the financial assets on initial recognition.

Initial recognition:

(i) Financial assets (other than investments) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. Investments in debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost

• the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

• the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments on principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Impairment of financial assets:

A financial asset is regarded as credit impaired when one or more events that may have a detrimental effect on estimated future cash flows of the asset have occurred. The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets (i.e. the shortfall between the contractual cash flows that are due and all the cash flows (discounted) that the Company expects to receive).

De-recognition of financial assets:

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss.

The Company has applied the de-recognition requirements of financial assets prospectively for transactions occurring on or after April 1, 2016 (the transition date).

Financial liabilities and equity instruments:

Classification as debt or equity Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by a group entity are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest method. Interest expense that is not capitalised as part of costs of an asset is included in the "Finance Costs".

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. An exchange between with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.

The Company has applied the de-recognition requirements of financial liabilities prospectively for transactions occurring on or after April 1, 2016 (the transition date).

1C. Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Company's Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities recognised in the financial statements that are not readily apparent from other sources. The judgements, estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors including estimation of effects of uncertain future events that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates (accounted on a prospective basis) and recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods of the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following are the critical judgements and estimations that have been made by the Management in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements and/or key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

Inventories

An inventory provision is recognised for cases where the realisable value is estimated to be lower than the inventory carrying value. The inventory provision is estimated taking into account various factors, including prevailing sales prices of inventory item, losses associated with obsolete / slow-moving / redundant inventory items. The Company has, based on these assessments, made adequate provision in the books.