We have audited the accompanying financial statements of AavasFinanciers Limited (“the Company”), which comprise the BalanceSheet as at March 31,2025, and the Statement of Profit and Lossincluding Other Comprehensive Income, Statement of Changes inEquity and Statement of Cash Flow for the year then ended, andnotes to the financial statements, including material accountingpolicy information and other explanatory information (hereinafterreferred to as the “financial statements”).
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according tothe explanations given to us, the aforesaid financial statementsgive the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 (“theAct’) in the manner so required and give a true and fair view inconformity with the Indian Accounting Standards prescribedunder section 133 of the Act read with Companies (IndianAccounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended (“Ind AS”),the RBI Guidelines and other accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as atMarch 31, 2025, and profit (including other comprehensiveincome), changes in equity and its cash flows for the yearended on that date.
We conducted our audit of the financial statements inaccordance with the Standards on Auditing (“SAs”) specifiedunder section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under thoseStandards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilitiesfor the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report.We are independent of the Company in accordance with theCode of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountantsof India (the “ICAI”) together with the ethical requirements thatare relevant to our audit of the financial statements under theprovisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, and we havefulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance withthese requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that theaudit evidence obtained by us is sufficient and appropriate toprovide a basis for our opinion.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financialstatements for the year ended March 31, 2025 (current year).These matters were addressed in the context of our audit ofthe financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinionthereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on thesematters. We have determined the matters described below tobe the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
Key audit matters
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Impairment of loans including Expected Credit Losses (ECL)
At 31 March 2025, the Company reported total gross loans of ' 1,633,704.07 lakhs (2024: ' 1,408,918.57 lakhs) and ' 10,733.14Lakhs of expected credit loss provisions (2024: ' 8,481.89 lakhs).
Refer note 1 for material accounting policies and notes
Our audit focused on assessing the appropriateness of
5 and 28 for financial disclosures in the accompanying
management’s judgment and estimates used in the expected
financial statements.
credit losses through the following procedures, but were not
Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments (‘Ind AS 109’), requires the
limited to the following procedures:
Company to provide for impairment of its financial assets using
Examined the Board Policy approving methodology for
the expected credit loss (‘ECL’) approach involving an estimation
computation of ECL that addresses policies and procedures for
of probability of loss on such financial assets, considering
assessing and measuring credit risk on the lending exposures
reasonable and supportable information about past events,
of the Company in accordance with the requirements of
current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions
Ind AS 109. Also, obtained the policy on restructuring of
which could impact the credit quality of the Company’s loan
loans approved by the Board of Directors pursuant to the RBI
assets. Expected credit loss cannot be measured precisely but
circulars/ guidelines in earlier years and ensured classification
can only be estimated through use of statistics.
of such Loans is in compliant with the requirements of the RBIcirculars / guidelines;
The estimation of impairment loss allowance on loan assets
•
Performed a walkthrough of the impairment loss allowance
involves significant judgement and estimates and applying
process, and assessed the design and tested operating
appropriate measurement principles in case of loss events,
effectiveness of the key controls over completeness and
including additional considerations on account of Reserve
accuracy of the key inputs (including loan book as at March 31,
Bank of India guidelines in relation to restructuring.
2025) and assumptions considered for calculation, recording
The expected credit loss is calculated using the percentage
and monitoring of the impairment loss recognized;
of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and
Tested the completeness of loans and advances included
exposure at default (EAD) for each of the stages of loan portfolio.
in the Expected Credit Loss calculations as of March 31,
Additional management overlay is estimated considering non
2025 by reconciling it with the balance as per loan balance
prediction and long-term future impact. The Expected Credit
register. We tested the data used in the PD and LGD model
Loss (“ECL”) is measured at 12-month ECL for Stage 1 loan
for ECL calculation by reconciling it to the source system.
assets and at lifetime ECL for Stage 2 and Stage 3 loan assets.
We tested assets in stage 1,2 and 3 on a sample basis to
Significant management judgment and assumptions involved
verify that they were allocated to the appropriate stage;
in measuring ECL is required with respect to:
Obtained an understanding of the modelling techniques
• Segmentation of loan book in buckets
adopted by the Company including the key inputs
• Determining the criteria for a significant increase in
and assumptions;
credit risk
Tested the appropriateness of determining Exposure
• Factoring in future economic assumptions
at Default (EAD), PD and LGD, on sample basis.For exposure determined to be individually impaired, we
• Techniques used to determine probability of default, loss
tested samples of loans and advances and examined
given default and exposure at default
management’s estimate of future cash flows, assessed
These parameters are derived from the Company’s internallydeveloped statistical models with the help of management
their reasonableness and checked the resultantprovision calculations;
experts and other historical data. Considering the significance
Performed an overall assessment of the ECL provision
of the above matter to the financial statements and since the
levels at each stage, including Management’s assessment
matter required our significant attention to test the calculation
and provision on account of the Company’s portfolio, risk
of expected credit losses, we have identified this as a key audit
profile, credit risk management practices as well as the
matter for current year audit.
macroeconomic environment;
Ensured compliance with RBI Master Circular on‘Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, AssetClassification and Provisioning pertaining to advances’(‘IRACP’) read with RBI circular on ‘Prudential norms onIncome Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioningpertaining to Advances - Clarifications’ dated 12November 2021, in relation to identification, upgradationand provisioning of nonperforming assets (NPAs); and
Assessed the appropriateness and adequacy of therelated presentation and disclosures in the accompanyingfinancial statements in accordance with the applicableaccounting standards and related RBI circulars / guidelines.
Information Technology (“IT”) Systems and Controls for the financial reporting process
The Company is highly dependent on its Information Technology
Our key audit procedures with the involvement of our IT
(“IT”) systems for carrying on its operations which require large
specialists included, but were not limited to the following:
volume of transactions to be processed in numerous locationson a daily basis. Amongst other things, management also usesthe information produced by the IT systems for accounting andpreparation and presentation of the financial statements.
• For testing the IT general controls, application controlsand IT dependent manual controls, we involved ITspecialists as part of the audit. The team also assisted intesting the accuracy of the information produced by the
The Company’s accounting and financial reporting processes
Company IT systems.
are dependent on automated controls enabled by IT systemswhich impacts key financial accounting and reportingitems such as loans, interest income, impairment on loans,computation of daily DPD, assignment of loans amongstothers. The controls implemented by the Company in its ITenvironment determine the integrity, accuracy, completeness
• Obtained a comprehensive understanding of ITapplications landscape implemented at the Company.It was followed by process understanding, mapping ofapplications to the same and understanding financial risksposed by people-process and technology.
and validity of data that is processed by the applications and is
• Key IT audit procedures includes testing design and
ultimately used for financial reporting.
Our areas of audit focus included user access management,changes to the IT environment and segregation of dutiesFurther, we focused on key automated controls relevant forfinancial accounting and reporting systems.
operating effectiveness of key controls operating overuser access management (which includes user accessprovisioning, de-provisioning, access review, passwordconfiguration review, segregation of duties and privilegeaccess), change management (which include changerelease in production environment are compliant to thedefined procedures and segregation of environmentis ensured), program development (which includereview of data migration activity), computer operations(which includes testing of key controls pertaining to,backup, Batch processing (including interface testing),incident management and data centre security), Systeminterface controls. This included testing that requests foraccess to systems were appropriately logged, reviewed,and authorized.
• In addition to the above, the design and operating
effectiveness of certain automated controls, that wereconsidered as key internal system controls over financialreporting were tested. Using various techniques suchas inquiry, review of documentation / record / reports,observation, and re-performance. We also tested fewcontrols using negative testing technique.
• Tested compensating controls and performed alternate
procedures, where necessary. In addition, understoodwhere relevant changes made to the IT landscape duringthe audit period.
The Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for the otherinformation. The other information comprises the AnnualReport but does not include the financial statements and ourauditor’s report thereon. The Annual Report is expected to bemade available to us after the date of this auditor’s report.
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover theother information and we will not express any form of assuranceconclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the financial statements, ourresponsibility is to read the other information identified abovewhen it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whetherthe other information is materially inconsistent with thefinancial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, orotherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the Director’s Report, if we conclude thatthere is a material misstatement therein, we are required tocommunicate the matter to those charged with governanceunder SA 720 ‘The Auditor’s responsibilities Relating toOther Information’.
The Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for the mattersstated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparationof these financial statements that give a true and fair view of thefinancial position, financial performance, changes in equity andcash flows of the Company in accordance with the accountingprinciples generally accepted in India, including the AccountingStandards specified under section 133 of the Act and the RBIGuidelines. This responsibility also includes maintenance ofadequate accounting records in accordance with the provisionsof the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company andfor preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities;selection and application of appropriate accounting policies;making judgments and estimates that are reasonable andprudent; and design, implementation and maintenance ofadequate internal financial controls, that were operatingeffectively for ensuring the accuracy and completenessof the accounting records, relevant to the preparation andpresentation of the financial statements that give a true and fairview and are free from material misstatement, whether due tofraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the Management andBoard of Directors are responsible for assessing the Company’sability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable,matters related to going concern and using the going concernbasis of accounting unless the Board of Directors either intendsto liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has norealistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeing theCompany’s financial reporting process.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance aboutwhether the financial statements as a whole are free frommaterial misstatement, whether due to fraud or error,and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion.Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is nota guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAswill always detect a material misstatement when it exists.Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are consideredmaterial if, individually or in the aggregate, they couldreasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions ofusers taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professional skepticismthroughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement ofthe financial statements, whether due to fraud or error,design and perform audit procedures responsive to thoserisks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The riskof not detecting a material misstatement resulting fromfraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraudmay involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevantto the audit in order to design audit procedures that areappropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing ouropinion on whether the company has adequate internalfinancial controls with reference to financial statementsin place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policiesused and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesand related disclosures made by management andBoard of Directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management andBoard of Director’s use of the going concern basis ofaccounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained,whether a material uncertainty exists related to eventsor conditions that may cast significant doubt on theCompany’s ability to continue as a going concern.If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, weare required to draw attention in our auditor’s report tothe related disclosures in the financial statements or, ifsuch disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion.Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtainedup to the date of our auditor’s report. However, futureevents or conditions may cause the Company to cease tocontinue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and contentof the financial statements, including the disclosures, andwhether the financial statements represent the underlyingtransactions and events in a manner that achievesfair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governanceregarding, among other matters, the planned scope andtiming of the audit and significant audit findings, includingany significant deficiencies in internal control that we identifyduring our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statementthat we have complied with relevant ethical requirementsregarding independence, and to communicate with themall relationships and other matters that may reasonably bethought to bear on our independence, and where applicable,related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were of most
significance in the audit of the financial statements for theyear ended March 31,2025 (current year) and are therefore, thekey audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’sreport unless law or regulation precludes public disclosureabout the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, wedetermine that a matter should not be communicated in ourreport because the adverse consequences of doing so wouldreasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefitsof such communication.
The financial statements of the Company for the year endedMarch 31,2024, were audited by another auditor whose reportdated April 25, 2024 expressed an unmodified opinion on thosefinancial statements.
Our opinion is not modified in respect of the above matter.
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor’s Report) Order,2020 (“the Order”), issued by the Central Government ofIndia in terms of sub-section (11) of section 143 of theAct, we give in “Annexure A” a statement on the mattersspecified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to theextent applicable.
2. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit.
(b) In our opinion, proper books of account as requiredby law have been kept by the Company so far as itappears from our examination of those books.
(c) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit andLoss including other comprehensive income, theStatement of Changes in Equity and the Statement ofCash Flow dealt with by this Report are in agreementwith the books of account.
(d) In our opinion, the aforesaid financial statementscomply with the Accounting Standards specifiedunder Section 133 of the Act.
(e) On the basis of the written representations receivedfrom the directors as on March 31, 2025 takenon record by the Board of Directors, none of thedirectors are disqualified as on March 31,2025 frombeing appointed as a director in terms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
(f) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financialcontrols with reference to financial statements of theCompany and the operating effectiveness of suchcontrols, refer to our separate Report in “Annexure B”.
(g) With respect to the other matters to be included inthe Auditor’s Report in accordance with Rule 11 ofthe Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, inour opinion and to the best of our information andaccording to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact ofpending litigations on its financial position in itsfinancial statements - Refer Note 37 and Note38 (b) to the financial statements;
ii. The Company did not have any long-termcontracts including derivative contracts forwhich there were any material foreseeablelosses as at March 31,2025;
iii. There were no amounts which were requiredto be transferred to the Investor Education andProtection Fund by the Company during theyear ended March 31,2025.
iv.
a. The Management has represented that,to the best of its knowledge and belief,no funds have been advanced or loanedor invested (either from borrowed fundsor share premium or any other sourcesor kind of funds) by the Company to or inany other person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities (“Intermediaries”), withthe understanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Intermediaryshall, directly or indirectly lend or investin other persons or entities identified inany manner whatsoever by or on behalf ofthe Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”)or provide any guarantee, securityor the like on behalf of the UltimateBeneficiaries. Refer Note 49.13(a) to thefinancial statements.
b. The Management has represented, that,to the best of its knowledge and belief, nofunds have been received by the Companyfrom any person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities (Funding Parties), withthe understanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, as on the date ofthis audit report, that the Company shall,directly or indirectly, lend or invest in otherpersons or entities identified in any mannerwhatsoever by or on behalf of the FundingParty (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provideany guarantee, security or the like on behalfof the Ultimate Beneficiaries. Refer Note49.13(b) to the financial statements.
c. Based on the audit procedures performedthat have been considered reasonableand appropriate in the circumstances,and according to the information andexplanations provided to us by theManagement in this regard nothing hascome to our notice that has caused usto believe that the representations undersub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e) asprovided under (i) and (ii) above, containany material mis-statement.
v. The Company has not declared or paid anydividend during the year ended March 31,2025.
vi. Based on our examination which includedtest checks, the Company has used certain
accounting softwares for maintaining its booksof account which has a feature of recording audittrail (edit log) facility and the same has operatedthroughout the year for all relevant transactionsrecorded in the softwares. Further, during thecourse of our audit, we did not come across anyinstance of audit trail feature being tamperedwith. Additionally, the audit trail of prior year(s)has been preserved by the Company as per thestatutory requirements for record retention.
3. In our opinion, according to information, explanationsgiven to us, the remuneration paid by the Company toits directors is within the limits laid prescribed underSection 197 read with Schedule V of the Act and therules thereunder.
For M S K A & Associates For Borkar & Muzumdar
Chartered Accountants Chartered Accountants
ICAI Firm Registration Number: 105047W ICAI Firm Registration Number: 101569W
Tushar Kurani Brijmohan Agarwal
Partner Partner
Membership Number: 118580 Membership Number: 033254
UDIN: 25118580BMOHVV7641 UDIN: 25033254BMINSH4452
Mumbai Mumbai
April 24, 2025 April 24, 2025