1. We have audited the accompanying standalonefinancial statements of Clean Science and TechnologyLimited ("the Company"), which comprise theStandalone Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2025, andthe Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss (includingOther Comprehensive Income), the StandaloneStatement of Changes in Equity and the StandaloneStatement of Cash Flows for the year then ended,and notes to the standalone financial statements,including material accounting policy information andother explanatory information.
2. In our opinion and to the best of our informationand according to the explanations given to us, theaforesaid standalone financial statements give theinformation required by the Companies Act, 2013("the Act") in the manner so required and give atrue and fair view in conformity with the accountingprinciples generally accepted in India, of the state
of affairs of the Company as at March 31, 2025, andtotal comprehensive income (comprising of profit andother comprehensive income), changes in equity andits cash flows for the year then ended.
3. We conducted our audit in accordance with theStandards on Auditing (SAs) specified under Section143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under thoseStandards are further described in the "Auditor'sResponsibilities for the Audit of the StandaloneFinancial Statements" section of our report. Weare independent of the Company in accordancewith the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute ofChartered Accountants of India together with theethical requirements that are relevant to our auditof the standalone financial statements under theprovisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, andwe have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities inaccordance with these requirements and the Codeof Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we haveobtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide abasis for our opinion.
4. Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of thestandalone financial statements of the current year. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of thestandalone financial statements as a whole and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinionon these matters.
Key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Revenue recognition (refer note 2.2 for accounting policy and note 24 for financial disclosures to the Standalone FinancialStatements)
Revenue is recognised by the Company when control of theproducts is transferred to the customer in accordance withInd AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers".
Due to the Company's sale arrangements with domesticand export customers containing various contractual terms,delivery of the products to the customers in different regionstakes different time periods and could result in undeliveredgoods at the year end. We have assessed a risk of materialmisstatement in recognition of revenue in the StandaloneFinancial Statements related to transactions occurring closeto the year end, as revenue from such transactions could berecorded in an incorrect financial year. In addition, we haveassessed a risk that revenue may be fraudulently misstatedthrough manual journal entries.
Our procedures included the following:
a) Understanding and evaluating the design and testingthe operating effectiveness of the Company's controlsaround timely and accurate recording of revenue.
b) Testing the Company's lead time assessment forquantification of any sales reversals of undeliveredgoods.
c) Evaluating the contract terms for assessment of thetiming of transfer of control to the customer to assesswhether revenue is recognised appropriately.
Accordingly, revenue recognition is an area requiringsignificant auditor attention considering the assessed risksand hence this is considered as a key audit matter.
d)
Testing selected samples of revenue transactionsrecorded during the year by verifying terms of invoices,acknowledged delivery receipts and testing the transittime to deliver the goods, including testing focusedon cut-off period samples to verify that only revenuepertaining to current year is recognised based on termsset out in the sales invoices and delivery documents.
e)
Testing of journal entries for unusual revenuetransactions which are not within the normal course ofbusiness.
5. The Company's Board of Directors is responsiblefor the other information. The other informationcomprises the information included in the Annualreport, but does not include the standalone financialstatements and our auditor's report thereon.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statementsdoes not cover the other information and we do notexpress any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalonefinancial statements, our responsibility is to read theother information and, in doing so, consider whetherthe other information is materially inconsistent withthe standalone financial statements or our knowledgeobtained in the audit or otherwise appears to bematerially misstated. If, based on the work we haveperformed, we conclude that there is a materialmisstatement of this other information, we arerequired to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
6. The Company's Board of Directors is responsiblefor the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Actwith respect to the preparation of these standalonefinancial statements that give a true and fair viewof the financial position, financial performance,changes in equity and cash flows of the Company inaccordance with the accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, including the Indian AccountingStandards specified under Section 133 of the Act.This responsibility also includes maintenance ofadequate accounting records in accordance with the
provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets ofthe Company and for preventing and detecting fraudsand other irregularities; selection and application ofappropriate accounting policies; making judgmentsand estimates that are reasonable and prudent;and design, implementation and maintenanceof adequate internal financial controls, that wereoperating effectively for ensuring the accuracy andcompleteness of the accounting records, relevant tothe preparation and presentation of the standalonefinancial statements that give a true and fair view andare free from material misstatement, whether due tofraud or error.
7. In preparing the standalone financial statements,management is responsible for assessing theCompany's ability to continue as a going concern,disclosing, as applicable, matters related to goingconcern and using the going concern basis ofaccounting unless management either intends toliquidate the Company or to cease operations, or hasno realistic alternative but to do so.
8. Those Board of Directors are also responsible foroverseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
9. Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assuranceabout whether the standalone financial statements asa whole are free from material misstatement, whetherdue to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's reportthat includes our opinion. Reasonable assuranceis a high level of assurance but is not a guaranteethat an audit conducted in accordance with SAs willalways detect a material misstatement when it exists.Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and areconsidered material if, individually or in the aggregate,
they could reasonably be expected to influence theeconomic decisions of users taken on the basis ofthese standalone financial statements.
10. As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgement and maintain professionalscepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of materialmisstatement of the standalone financialstatements, whether due to fraud or error, designand perform audit procedures responsive tothose risks, and obtain audit evidence that issufficient and appropriate to provide a basis forour opinion. The risk of not detecting a materialmisstatement resulting from fraud is higherthan for one resulting from error, as fraud mayinvolve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,misrepresentations, or the override of internalcontrol.
• Obtain an understanding of internal controlrelevant to the audit in order to designaudit procedures that are appropriate in thecircumstances. Under Section 143(3)(i) of theAct, we are also responsible for expressing ouropinion on whether the Company has adequateinternal financial controls with reference tostandalone financial statements in place and theoperating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accountingpolicies used and the reasonableness ofaccounting estimates and related disclosuresmade by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness ofmanagement's use of the going concern basisof accounting and, based on the audit evidenceobtained, whether a material uncertainty existsrelated to events or conditions that may castsignificant doubt on the Company's ability tocontinue as a going concern. If we conclude thata material uncertainty exists, we are requiredto draw attention in our auditor's report to therelated disclosures in the standalone financialstatements or, if such disclosures are inadequate,to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are basedon the audit evidence obtained up to the date ofour auditor's report. However, future events orconditions may cause the Company to cease tocontinue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure andcontent of the standalone financial statements,including the disclosures, and whether thestandalone financial statements represent theunderlying transactions and events in a mannerthat achieves fair presentation.
11. We communicate with those charged with governanceregarding, among other matters, the planned scopeand timing of the audit and significant audit findings,including any significant deficiencies in internalcontrol that we identify during our audit.
12. We also provide those charged with governance witha statement that we have complied with relevantethical requirements regarding independence, and tocommunicate with them all relationships and othermatters that may reasonably be thought to bear onour independence, and where applicable, relatedsafeguards.
13. From the matters communicated with those chargedwith governance, we determine those mattersthat were of most significance in the audit of thestandalone financial statements of the current periodand are therefore the key audit matters. We describethese matters in our auditor's report unless law orregulation precludes public disclosure about thematter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, wedetermine that a matter should not be communicatedin our report because the adverse consequences ofdoing so would reasonably be expected to outweighthe public interest benefits of such communication.
14. The standalone financial statements of the Companyfor the year ended March 31, 2024, were audited byanother firm of chartered accountants under the Actwho, vide their report dated May 15, 2024, expressedan unmodified opinion on those standalone financialstatements.
15. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order,2020 ("the Order"), issued by the Central Governmentof India in terms of sub-section (11) of Section 143 ofthe Act, we give in the Annexure B a statement on thematters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order,to the extent applicable.
16. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report
that:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit.
(b) In our opinion, proper books of account asrequired by law relating to preparation of theaforesaid standalone financial statementshave been kept so far as it appears from ourexamination of those books, except that thebackup of certain books of account and otherbooks and papers maintained in electronicmode has not been maintained on a daily basison servers physically located in India duringthe period October 30, 2024 to November 03,
2024 and the matters stated in paragraph 16(h)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of theCompanies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (asamended). Further, in the absence of sufficientappropriate audit evidence, we are unable toverify whether the backup of certain books ofaccount and other books and papers maintainedin electronic mode has been maintained on adaily basis on servers physically located in Indiaduring 1) the period April 01, 2024 to March 10,
2025 and 2) the period March 26, 2025 to March31, 2025.
(c) The Standalone Balance Sheet, the StandaloneStatement of Profit and Loss (including othercomprehensive income), the StandaloneStatement of Changes in Equity and theStandalone Statement of Cash Flows dealt withby this Report are in agreement with the books ofaccount.
(d) In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financialstatements comply with the Indian AccountingStandards specified under Section 133 of theAct.
(e) On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors as on March 31,2025, taken on record by the Board of Directors,none of the directors is disqualified as on March31, 2025, from being appointed as a director interms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
(f) With respect to the maintenance of accounts andother matters connected therewith, referenceis made to our remarks in paragraph 16(b)above on reporting under Section 143(3)(b)
and paragraph 16(h)(vi) below on reportingunder Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit andAuditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended)."
(g) With respect to the adequacy of the internalfinancial controls with reference to standalonefinancial statements of the Company and theoperating effectiveness of such controls, refer toour separate Report in "Annexure A".
(h) With respect to the other matters to be includedin the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules,2014 (as amended), in our opinion and to thebest of our information and according to theexplanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact ofpending litigations on its financial positionin its standalone financial statements -Refer Note 34 to the standalone financialstatements.
ii. The Company has made provision, asrequired under the applicable law orIndian Accounting Standards, for materialforeseeable losses, if any, on long-termcontracts including derivative contracts -Refer Note 21 to the financial statements;
iii. There were no amounts which were requiredto be transferred to the Investor Educationand Protection Fund by the Company duringthe year ended March 31, 2025.
iv. (a) The management has represented
that, to the best of its knowledge andbelief, no funds have been advancedor loaned or invested (either fromborrowed funds or share premium orany other sources or kind of funds)by the Company to or in any otherperson(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries"),with the understanding, whetherrecorded in writing or otherwise, thatthe Intermediary shall, whether directlyor indirectly, lend or invest in otherpersons or entities identified in anymanner whatsoever by or on behalf ofthe Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries")or provide any guarantee, securityor the like on behalf of the UltimateBeneficiaries (Refer Note 45 to thestandalone financial statements);
(b) The management has representedthat, to the best of its knowledge andbelief, no funds have been receivedby the Company from any person(s)or entity(ies), including foreignentities ("Funding Parties"), with theunderstanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Companyshall, whether directly or indirectly, lendor invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Funding Party("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provideany guarantee, security or the like onbehalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries(Refer Note 45 to the standalonefinancial statements); and
(c) Based on such audit proceduresthat we considered reasonable andappropriate in the circumstances,nothing has come to our notice thathas caused us to believe that therepresentations under sub-clause(a) and (b) contain any materialmisstatement.
v. The interim dividend declared and paidby the Company during the year is incompliance with Section 123 of the Act.
The final dividend paid by the Companyduring the year in respect of the samedeclared for the previous year is inaccordance with section 123 of theCompanies Act 2013 to the extent it appliesto payment of dividend.
As stated in note 38 to the standalonefinancial statements, the Board of Directorsof the Company have proposed finaldividend for the year which is subject to the
approval of the members at the ensuingAnnual General Meeting. The dividenddeclared is in accordance with section123 of the Act to the extent it applies todeclaration of dividend.
vi. Based on our examination, which includedtest checks, the Company has usedaccounting software for maintaining itsbooks of account which has a feature ofrecording audit trail (edit log) facility andthat has operated throughout the year forall relevant transactions recorded in thesoftware, except that the audit trail is notmaintained for direct database changesand the audit log of modification does notcontain the pre-modified values. Furthercertain software does not have the featureof recording audit trail. During the courseof performing our procedures, other thanthe aforesaid instances of audit trail notmaintained where the question of ourcommenting does not arise, we did notnotice any instance of audit trail featurebeing tampered with or not preserved by theCompany as per the statutory requirementsfor record retention.
17. The Company has paid/ provided for managerialremuneration in accordance with the requisiteapprovals mandated by the provisions of Section 197read with Schedule V to the Act.
Firm Registration Number: 012754N/N500016
Partner
Place: Pune Membership Number: 109846
Date: May 22, 2025 ICAI UDIN: 25109846BMLWHN6309