To the Members of Aadhar Housing Finance Limited
Report on the Audit of the Standalone Financial StatementsOpinion
We have audited the standalone financial statements of Aadhar Housing Finance Limited (“the Company”), which comprise the Balance sheet as at March 31, 2025, the Statement of Profit and Loss, including the statement of Other Comprehensive Income, the Cash Flow Statement and the Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013, as amended (“the Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at March 31, 2025, its profit including other comprehensive loss, its cash flows and the changes in equity for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit of the standalone financial statements in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs), as specified under section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those Standards are further described in the 'Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements' section of our
report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the 'Code of Ethics' issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the standalone financial statements.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalone financial statements for the financial year ended March 31, 2025. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. For each matter below, our description of how our audit addressed the matter is provided in that context.
We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. We have fulfilled the responsibilities described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the standalone financial statements section of our report, including in relation to these matters. Accordingly, our audit included the performance of procedures designed to respond to our assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the standalone financial statements. The results of our audit procedures, including the procedures performed to address the matters below, provide the basis for our audit opinion on the accompanying standalone financial statements.
Key audit matters
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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(a) Impairment of loans (expected credit losses) (refer note 6 and note 38 to the financial statements)
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Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 109 Financial Instruments requires the Company to provide for impairment of its loans using the expected credit loss (ECL) approach. ECL involves an estimation of probability weighted loss on financial assets over their life, considering reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions and other factors which could impact the credit quality of the Company's loans.
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Our audit procedures included the following:
• Considered the Company's accounting policies for impairment of loans and assessed compliance with Ind AS 109 and the governance framework approved by the Board of Directors pursuant to applicable Reserve Bank of India guidelines (“the RBI Guidelines").
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In the process, a significant degree of judgement and estimates have
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• Evaluated the reasonableness of the management estimates by understanding the process of ECL estimation and related
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been applied by the management for:
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assumptions. Tested the internal controls around extraction,
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• Grouping of borrowers (retail loan portfolio) based on
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validation and computation of the input data used in such
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homogeneity for estimating probability of default (PD), loss
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estimation.
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given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD);
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• Assessed the criteria for staging of loans based on their
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• Staging of loans (i.e. classification as “significant increase in credit
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overdue status to check compliance with requirement of
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risk" (SICR) or “credit impaired" categories) based on overdue
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Ind AS 109. Tested a sample of performing (stage 1) loans
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status and/or qualitative assessment;
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to assess whether any SICR or impairment indicators were
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• Application of an appropriate statistical/ quantitative model for determining the PD, LGD and EAD estimates;
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present requiring them to be classified under stage 2 or stage 3.
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• Determining relevant macro-economic and other factors impacting credit quality of loans.
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• 1 nvolved internal specialist for testing of the ECL estimates, including factors that affect the PD, LGD and EAD considering various forward looking macro-economic and other factors.
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The Company has also recorded a management overlay as part of its
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ECL, to reflect among other things an increased risk of deterioration in relevant macro-economic factors.
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• Tested assumptions used by the management in respect of post-model adjustments.
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In view of the high degree of management's judgement involved in estimation of ECL and the overall significance of the impairment loss
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• Tested the arithmetical accuracy of computation of ECL provision performed by the Company.
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allowance to the standalone financial statements, it is considered as a
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• Assessed adequacy of disclosures included in the standalone
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key audit matter.
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financial statements in respect of expected credit losses.
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Key audit matters
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How our audit addressed the key audit matter
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(b) IT systems and controls related to the financial reporting process
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The financial accounting and reporting systems of the Company
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Our audit procedures, assisted by our IT experts, on the IT
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are fundamentally reliant on IT systems and IT controls to process
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infrastructure and applications relevant to financial reporting
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significant transaction volumes. Automated accounting procedures
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included the following:
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and IT environment controls, which include IT governance, general IT
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• The aspects covered in the assessment of IT general controls
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controls over program development and changes, access to programs
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comprised: (i) User Access Management; (ii) Program Change
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and data and IT operations, are required to be designed and to operate
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Management; (iii) Other related ITGCs - to understand the
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effectively to ensure accurate financial reporting.
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design and test the operating effectiveness of such controls in
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Any gaps in the IT control environment could result in a material
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respect of information systems that are important to financial
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misstatement of the financial accounting and reporting records.
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reporting (“in-scope applications”).
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Therefore, in view of the pervasive nature and complexity of the
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• Tested the changes that were made to the in-scope
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IT environment, the assessment of the general IT controls and the
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applications during the audit period to assess changes that
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application controls specific to the accounting and preparation of the
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have impact on financial reporting.
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financial information is considered to be a key audit matter.
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• Tested the Company's periodic review of access rights. We also inspected requests for changes to systems for appropriate approval and authorization.
• Tested the configuration of the audit trail feature in the accounting software and maintenance of back-up as per extant regulatory requirements.
• Performed tests of controls (including other compensatory controls, wherever applicable) on the IT application controls and IT dependent manual controls in the system.
• Tested the design and operating effectiveness of the compensating controls in case deficiencies were identified and, where necessary, extended the scope of our substantive audit procedures.
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Information Other than the Financial Statements and Auditor's Report Thereon
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual report, but does not include the standalone financial statements and our auditors' report thereon.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether such other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements, or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Standalone Financial Statements
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance including other comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection
and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and the design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those charged with governance are also responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the standalone financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these standalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the standalone financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors' report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors' report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the standalone financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the standalone financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the standalone financial statements for the financial year ended March 31, 2025 and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors' report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Other Matters
The standalone financial statements of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2024, included in these standalone financial statements, have been audited by one of the joint auditors i.e. Kirtane & Pandit LLP jointly with the predecessor auditor i.e. Walker Chandiok & Co LLP, who expressed an unmodified opinion on those financial statement on May 29, 2024.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 (“the Order”), issued by the Central Government of India in terms of sub-section (11) of section 143 of the Act, we give in the ''Annexure 1'' a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order.
2. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report, to the extent applicable, that:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit;
(b) I n our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books except that, for the accounting software used by the Company to maintain payroll records, we have not been able to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence that the backup of books of account maintained in electronic mode was maintained on servers physically located in India on a daily basis, as explained in note 58 to the standalone financial statements, and the matters stated in the paragraph 2(i)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, as amended;
(c) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss including the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income, the Cash Flow Statement and Statement of Changes in Equity dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the books of account;
(d) In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Act, read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015, as amended;
(e) On the basis of the written representations received from the directors as on March 31, 2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on March 31,2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164 (2) of the Act;
(f) The modification relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith are as stated in paragraph (b) above on reporting under Section 143(3)(b) of the Act and paragraph 2(i)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, as amended;
(g) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to these standalone financial statements and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in “Annexure 2” to this report;
(h) In our opinion, the managerial remuneration for the year ended March 31, 2025 has been paid/provided by the Company to its directors in accordance with the provisions of section 197 read with Schedule V to the Act;
(i) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, as amended in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations on its financial position in its standalone financial statements - Refer Note 33 to the standalone financial statements;
ii. The Company has made provision, as required under the applicable law or accounting standards, for material foreseeable losses, if any, on long-term contracts including derivative contracts. Refer Note 13 to the standalone financial statements;
iii. There has been no delay in transferring amounts, required to be transferred, to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company;
iv. a) The management has represented that,
to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in the note 55 to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Intermediaries”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
b) The management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in the note 56 to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Funding Parties”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries; and
c) Based on such audit procedures performed that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (a) and (b) contain any material misstatement.
v. No dividend has been declared or paid during the year by the Company.
vi. Based on our examination which included test checks, the Company has used accounting software for maintaining its books of account which have a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility, and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software except that, in respect of one software for loan management, the audit trail feature was enabled for direct changes to database from May 24, 2024 and in respect of certain other software (operated by a third-party software service providers) for general ledger and payroll record maintenance and processing, in the absence of an appropriate Service Organization Controls report, we are unable to comment on whether the audit trail feature was enabled and operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in such software or whether there were any instances of the audit trail feature being tampered with, as described in note 58 to the standalone financial statements. Further, during the course of our audit we did not come across any instance of audit trail feature being tampered with, where the audit trail was enabled. Additionally, the audit trail of relevant prior years has been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention, to the extent it was enabled and recorded in those respective years, as stated in Note 58 to the financial statements.
For S. R. Batliboi & Associates LLP For Kirtane & Pandit LLP
Chartered Accountants Chartered Accountants
ICAI Firm Registration No:101049W/E300004 ICAI Firm Registration No: 105215W/W100057
per Amit Lahoti Pinky Nagdev
Partner Partner
Membership No.: 132990 Membership No.: 130815
UDIN: 25132990BMORTH7923 UDIN: 25130815BNFXOD4920
Mumbai Mumbai
May 06, 2025 May 06, 2025
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