We have audited the accompanying Standalone FinancialStatements of Transrail Lighting Limited (“the Company"),which comprise the Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2025,and the Statement of Profit and Loss (including OtherComprehensive Income), Statement of Changes in Equityand Statement of Cash Flows for the year then ended, andnotes to the financial statements, including a summary ofmaterial accounting policy Information and other explanatoryinformation in which are incorporated the financials for theyear ended on that date audited by branch auditors of theCompany's branches located at Afghanistan, Bangladesh,Benin, Bhutan, Cameroon, Eswatini, Gambia, Ghana,Italy Jordon, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger,Philippines, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo and Uganda(hereinafter referred to as “the Standalone FinancialStatements").
In our opinion and to the best of our information andaccording to the explanations given to us and based onthe consideration of the audit reports of the other auditorson financial information of branches referred to in OtherMatters section below, the aforesaid Standalone FinancialStatements give the information required by the CompaniesAct, 2013 (“the Act") in the manner so required and give atrue and fair view in conformity with the Indian AccountingStandards prescribed under section 133 of the Act read withthe Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015,
as amended, (“Ind AS") and other accounting principlesgenerally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of theCompany as at March 31, 2025, its profit (including othercomprehensive income), changes in equity and its cash flowsfor the year ended on that date.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standardson Auditing (SAs) specified under section 143(10) ofthe Companies Act, 2013. Our responsibilities underthose standards are further described in the Auditor'sResponsibilities for the audit of the Standalone FinancialStatements section of our report. We are independent of theCompany in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued bythe Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together withthe ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of theStandalone Financial Statements under the provisions of theCompanies Act, 2013 and the Rules thereunder, and we havefulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance withthese requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe thatthe audit evidence we have obtained and the audit evidenceobtained by the other auditors in terms of their reportsreferred to in 'Other Matters' section below is sufficientand appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on theStandalone Financial Statements.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgement, were of most significance in our audit of theStandalone Financial Statements of the current yearThese matters were addressed in the context of our auditof the Standalone Financial Statements as a whole and informing our opinion thereon, we do not provide a separateopinion on these matters.
We have determined the matters below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
Sr.
Key Audit Matter
Auditors’ Response
No.
1 Contract Revenue Recognition
The Company's revenue is primarily from engineering,
Our procedures included, amongst others:
procurement and construction (EPC) contracts. Thereare significant accounting judgements in estimating therevenue to be recognized on these contracts, including
•
Obtained and reviewed the percentage of completioncalculations, including its mathematical accuracy.
estimation of costs to complete them.
We read the contract documents and any variations
The Company recognizes revenue under the percentage
therein to verify the contract value.
completion method, based on the proportion of cost
We performed substantive tests to verify the cost
incurred as at balance sheet date to the total estimated
incurred during the year, including cut off procedures.
cost of each contract. The recognition of revenue
We also verified the bills raised on the basis of
and thus the resulting profit/loss depends on the
inspection reports and work certified.
estimates relating to forecasted revenue and estimatedcontract costs. The management exercises significantjudgements in determining the probable expected
We performed analytical procedures, including projectprofitability analysis for revenue recognized.
losses, based on the estimated total cost. The contract
We also assessed the adequacy of the related
revenue may include variation and claims. These
disclosures in the notes to accounts in the Standalone
estimates are periodically reviewed by the management.
Financial Statements.
2
Recoverability of Trade Receivables and Contract Assets
The balances of trade receivables and contract assets
Evaluated the design and implementation and
are significant in the Standalone Financial Statement
operating effectiveness of controls over assessment
as at March 31, 2025. The management exercises
of recoverability of receivables.
judgement on the assumptions used for assessing andestimating the expected credit loss on the receivables.
We enquired with the management to understand thecontractual terms, past recoveries and recoveries
The assumptions are based on the project status, past
subsequent to the balance sheet date.
conduct, disputes, credit risk and prevailing marketconditions.
We assessed the information used by themanagement to estimate the expected credit lossconsidering the contractual terms, project status,credit risk of customers, past recoveries andsubsequent recoveries, disputes and litigations withthe customers.
We also assessed the adequacy of the relateddisclosures in the notes to accounts in the StandaloneFinancial Statements.
INFORMATION OTHER THAN THE STANDALONEFINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITOR'S REPORTTHEREON
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for theother information. The other information comprises theinformation included in the Board's report but does notinclude the Standalone Financial Statements and ourIndependent Auditors' Report thereon. Our opinion on theStandalone Financial Statements does not cover the otherinformation and we do not and will not express any form ofassurance or conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the Standalone FinancialStatements, our responsibility is to read the other informationidentified above and, in doing so, consider whether the otherinformation is materially inconsistent with the StandaloneFinancial Statements, or our knowledge obtained in theaudit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
If, based on the work we have performed on the otherinformation that we obtained prior to the date of this auditor'sreport, we conclude that there is a material misstatementof this other information, we are required to report that fact.We have nothing to report in this regard.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF MANAGEMENT ANDTHOSE CHARGED WITH GOVERNANCE FOR THESTANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for thematters stated in section 134(5) of the Companies Act,2013 (“the Act") with respect to the preparation of theseStandalone Financial Statements that give a true and fairview of the financial position, financial performance, changesin equity and cash flows of the Company in accordancewith the accounting principles generally accepted in India,including the accounting Standards specified under section133 of the Act. This responsibility also includes maintenanceof adequate accounting records in accordance with theprovisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of theCompany and for preventing and detecting frauds and otherirregularities; selection and application of appropriateaccounting policies; making judgments and estimates thatare reasonable and prudent; and design, implementationand maintenance of adequate internal financial controls,that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracyand completeness of the accounting records, relevant to thepreparation and presentation of the Standalone FinancialStatements that give a true and fair view and are free frommaterial misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements,management is responsible for assessing the Company'sability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, asapplicable, matters related to going concern and using thegoing concern basis of accounting unless management eitherintends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, orhas no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing theCompany's financial reporting process.
AUDITOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OFTHE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance aboutwhether the Standalone Financial Statements as a wholeare free from material misstatement, whether due to fraudor error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes ouropinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurancebut is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordancewith SAs will always detect a material misstatement whenit exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error andare considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,they could reasonably be expected to influence the economicdecisions of users taken on the basis of these StandaloneFinancial Statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professional skepticismthroughout the audit. We also:
1. Identify and assess the risks of material misstatementof the Standalone Financial Statements, whether dueto fraud or error, design and perform audit proceduresresponsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidencethat is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basisfor our opinion. The risk of not detecting a materialmisstatement resulting from fraud is higher than forone resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion,forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, orthe override of internal control.
2. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant tothe audit in order to design audit procedures that areappropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Companies Act, 2013, we are also responsiblefor expressing our opinion on whether the Company hasadequate internal financial controls system in place andthe operating effectiveness of such controls.
3. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policiesused and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesand related disclosures made by management.
4. Conclude on the appropriateness of management's useof the going concern basis of accounting and, basedon the audit evidence obtained, whether a materialuncertainty exists related to events or conditions thatmay cast significant doubt on the Company's abilityto continue as a going concern. If we conclude that amaterial uncertainty exists, we are required to drawattention in our auditor's report to the related disclosuresin the financial statements or, if such disclosures areinadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusionsare based on the audit evidence obtained up to thedate of our auditor's report. However, future events orconditions may cause the Company to cease to continueas a going concern.
5. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and contentof the Standalone Financial Statements, including thedisclosures, and whether the Standalone FinancialStatements represent the underlying transactions andevents in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements in theStandalone Financial Statements that, individually or inaggregate, make it probable that the economic decisions ofa reasonably knowledgeable user of the Standalone FinancialStatements may be influenced. We consider quantitativemateriality and qualitative factors in (i) planning the scopeof our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work;and (ii) to evaluate the effect of any identified misstatementsin the Standalone Financial Statements.
We communicate with those charged with governanceregarding, among other matters, the planned scope and
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, includingany significant deficiencies in internal control that we identifyduring our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with astatement that we have complied with relevant ethicalrequirements regarding independence, and to communicatewith them all relationships and other matters that mayreasonably be thought to bear on our independence, andwhere applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance we determine those matters that were ofmost significance in the audit of the Standalone FinancialStatements of the current year and are therefore Key AuditMatters. We describe these matters in our auditor's reportunless law or regulation precludes public disclosure aboutthe matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, wedetermine that a matter should not be communicated inour report because the adverse consequences of doing sowould reasonably be expected to out weigh the public interestbenefits of such communication.
1. We did not audit the financial statements / financialinformation of 22 branches included in the StandaloneFinancial Statements of the Company whose financialstatements / financial information reflect total assetsas at March 31,2025 of ' 1,047.98 crores, total revenuesof ' 1,019.26 crores and net cash flows of ' (8.20)crores for the year ended on that date, as consideredin the Standalone Financial Statements. The financialstatements / financial information of these brancheshave been audited by the branch auditors whose reportshave been furnished to us and our opinion in so far asit relates to the amounts and disclosures included inrespect of these branches and our report in terms ofsub-section 3 of Section 143 of the Act, in so far as itrelates to the aforesaid branches is based solely on thereports of such branch auditors.
2. All the above stated branches are located outsideIndia, the audited financials stated above have beenaudited by other auditors under generally acceptedauditing standards applicable in their respectivecountries. The Company's management has convertedthe financial statements of such branches locatedoutside India from accounting principles generallyaccepted in their respective countries to accountingprinciples generally accepted in India so as to makethese financial statements fit for consolidation. We haveaudited these conversion adjustments made by theCompany's management. Our audit report in so far asit relates to the balances and affairs of such branches
located outside India is based on the reports of otherauditors and the conversion adjustments prepared bythe management of the Company and audited by us.
Our opinion on the Standalone Financial Statementsand our report on Other Legal and RegulatoryRequirements below is not modified in respect of thesematters with respect to our reliance on the work doneand the reports of the other auditors and the financialinformation certified by the management.
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order,2020 (“the Order"), issued by the Central Government ofIndia in terms of sub-section (11) of section 143 of theCompanies Act, 2013, we give in the attached Annexure“A" a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations, which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as requiredby law have been kept by the Company so far asit appears from our examination of those booksexcept for the matter stated in paragraph 2(i)(vi)below relating to reporting under rule 11(g) ofthe Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rule 2014,as amended. We have also received financialstatements and returns adequate for the purposesof our audit from the branches of the Company notvisited by us as detailed in our paragraph on OtherMatters.
c. The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit andLoss (including Other Comprehensive Income),Statement of Changes in Equity and the CashFlow Statement dealt with by this Report are inagreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid Standalone FinancialStatements comply with the Accounting Standardsspecified under Section 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors as on April 1, 2025to April 3, 2025 taken on record by the Board ofDirectors, none of the directors is disqualified
as on March 31, 2025 from being appointed as adirector in terms of Section 164 (2) of the Act.
f. With reference to maintenance of accounts andother matter therewith, reference is invited toparagraph 2(b) above on reporting under section143(3)(b) and para 2(i)(vi) below relating toreporting under rule 11(g) of the Companies (Auditand Auditors) Rule 2014, as amended.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internalfinancial controls with reference to StandaloneFinancial Statements of the Company and theoperating effectiveness of such controls, refer toour separate Report in “Annexure B". Our reportexpresses an unmodified opinion on the adequacyand operating effectiveness of the Company'sinternal financial controls with reference toStandalone Financial Statements.
h. With respect to the other matters to be includedin the Auditor's Report in accordance with therequirements of section 197(16) of the Act, asamended: In our opinion and to the best of ourinformation and according to the explanationsgiven to us, the remuneration paid by the Companyto its directors during the year is in accordancewith the provisions of Section 197 of the Act.
i. With respect to the other matters to be included inthe Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 ofthe Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014,in our opinion and to the best of our informationand according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact ofpending litigations on its financial positionin its Standalone Financial Statements -Refer Note 48 to the Standalone FinancialStatements,
ii. The Company has made provisions, as requiredunder the applicable law or accountingstandards, for material foreseeable lossesif any on long term contracts includingderivative contracts.
iii. There are no amounts that are required tobe transferred to the Investor Education andProtection Fund by the Company.
iv. a. The management has represented
that, to the best of their knowledge andbelief other than as disclosed in thenotes to the accounts no funds have
been advanced or loaned or invested(either from borrowed funds or sharepremium or any other sources or kindof funds) by the Company to or in anyother person or entities, includingforeign entities (“Intermediaries") withthe understanding whether recordedin writing or otherwise, that theintermediary shall, whether directlyor indirectly lend or invest in otherpersons or entities identified in anymanner whatsoever by or on behalf ofthe Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries")or provide any guarantee, security,or the like on behalf of the UltimateBeneficiaries.
b. The management has representedthat, to the best of its knowledge andbelief, other than as disclosed in thenotes to the accounts, no funds havebeen received by the Company fromany person or entities including foreignentities (“Funding Parties"), with theunderstanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Companyshall, whether directly or indirectly lendor invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Funding Party(“Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide anyguarantee, security or the like on behalfof the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
c. Based on such audit proceduresconsidered reasonable and appropriatein the circumstances, nothing hascome to our notice that has causedus to believe that the representationsunder sub-clause (iv)(a) and (iv)(b) abovecontain any material misstatement.
v. The Company has declared and paid finaldividend for the year 2023-24 and is incompliance with provisions of section 123 ofthe Companies Act, 2013.
vi. Based on our examination of the feature ofaudit trail in the accounting software whichincluded test checks, except for instancesmentioned below, the Company has usedaccounting software for maintaining its booksof account, which have feature for recordingaudit trail (edit log) facility and the same has
operated throughout the year for alt relevanttransactions recorded in the software.
a. The feature of recording audit trail (editlog) facility was enabled on June 8, 2024at the application layer of the accountingsoftware at some of the Company'sbranches which are not material.
b. The feature of recording audit trail(edit log) facility was enabled on July 3,2024 at the database level to log anydirect data changes for the accountingsoftware (SAP) used by the Company.Attention is invited to Note 53 detailingthe direct access to tally data whichis in encrypted form at some of theCompany's branches which are notmaterial.
Further, where the audit trail (edit log)facility was enabled for the respectivesoftware, during the course of our audit
we did not come across any instance ofaudit trail feature being tampered with.
Further, The audit trail has been retainedby the Company , as per the statutoryrequirements for record retentionexcept that the audit trail for databaselevel changes is retained only fromJuly 3, 2024 and for the Company'sbranches at the application level fromJune 8 , 2024.
Chartered AccountantsFirm Registration No.107023W
PartnerM. No. 049687Mumbai, Dated: May 23, 2025UDIN: 25049687BMKTEI2782