Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probablethat an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be madeof the amount of the obligation. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss. Provisions are notdiscounted to its present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheetdate.
Contingent liability is disclosed in the case of:
Ý A present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle theobligation;
Ý A present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate is possible;
Ý A present obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.
Commitments include the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of assets.
Contingent assets are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Contingent assets are not recognised in thestandalone financial statements.
Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
(i) Defined Contribution Plans: Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund, pension fund and superannuation fund are definedcontribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to such schemes. The Company recognisescontribution payable to such schemes as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to theschemes for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the schemes isrecognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due forservices received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, forexample, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
(ii) Defined Benefits Plans: The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan. The cost of providing benefits under the definedbenefit plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation. Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses and thereturn on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately inthe balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur.Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate tothe net defined benefit liability or asset. The liability for gratuity is unfunded and is actuarially determined at the end of the reportingperiod.
The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit andloss:
Ý Service costs comprising current service costs; and Net interest expense or income
Short-term employee benefits: All employee benefits which are due within twelve months of rendering the services are classified asshort-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, and short term compensated absences, etc. and the expected cost ofbonus, ex-gratia is recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related service. All short-term employee benefits areaccounted on undiscounted basis during the accounting period based on services rendered by employees.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument ofanother entity.
Financial assets
Financial assets are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Allfinancial assets other than those measured subsequently at fair value through profit and loss, are recognised initially at fair value plustransaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. However, trade receivables are measured at transactionprice.
Subsequent measurement is determined with reference to the classification of the respective financial assets. Based on the businessmodel for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset, the Company classifiesfinancial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through OCI or fair value through profit and loss.
Derecognition
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the receivedcash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass-through' arrangement; it evaluates if and to what extent it hasretained the risks and rewards of ownership.
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarilyderecognised when:
• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
• Based on above evaluation, either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) theCompany has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset but has transferred control of the asset.
Financial Liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings,payables, as appropriate.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, Lease liability & borrowings.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost (Lease Liability, borrowings & trade Payable) - Financial Liabilities are carried at amortised costusing the effective interest method.
A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognised from the Company's balance sheet when the obligation specified inthe contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. Any gains or losses arising on derecognition of liabilities are recognised in thestandalone statement of profit and loss.
n) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss after tax for the period attributable to equity shareholders bythe weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders andother financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares and the weighted average number of additional equity sharesthat would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
o) Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects oftransactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of incomeor expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The Statement of Cash Flows from operating, investing and financingactivities of the Company are segregated.
p) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction.
q) Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between marketparticipants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the assetor transfer the liability takes place either:
• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liabilityThe principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset orliability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available tomeasure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. For financialassets and liabilities maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date and which are not carried at fair value, the carryingamounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
The fair value of investment property has been determined by on the basis of valuation carried out at the reporting date by registeredvaluer as defined under rule 2 of Companies (Registered Valuers and Valuation) Rules, 2017. The main inputs considered by the valuerare government rates, property location, market research & trends, contracted rentals, terminal yields, discount rates and comparablevalues, as appropriate. These properties are recorded using the cost model in accordance with Ind AS 40 - Investment Property.
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect thereported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. Although, these estimates are based on the Management bestknowledge of current events and actions, Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require amaterial adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
a) Provisions and contingent liabilities
The timing of recognition and quantification of the provisions, contingent liabilities / assets require the application of judgement toexisting facts and circumstances which are subject to change on the actual occurrence or happening. Judgement is required forestimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies / claims / litigations against the Company and possibleinflow of resources in respect of the claims made by the Company which has been considered to be contingent in nature. These arereviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
b) Defined benefit plans (gratuity benefits)
The company's retirement benefit obligations, cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuityobligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ fromactual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, inflation, future salary increments andmortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highlysensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
c) Deferred tax recognition
Deferred tax asset (DTA) is recognized only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will have sufficienttaxable profits in future against which such assets can be utilized. Significant management judgment is required to determine theamount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits togetherwith future tax planning strategies, recent business performance and developments.
d) Impairment of Financial assets
The measurement of impairment losses of financial assets requires judgement, in particular, the estimation of the amount and timingof future cash flows and collateral values when determining impairment losses and the assessment of a significant increase in creditrisk. These estimates will be reviewed and updated periodically, and a provision matrix will be developed and refined as more internalcredit loss data becomes available. These estimates are driven by a number of factors, changes in which can result in different levels ofallowances.
Nature and Description of ReservesSecurities premium
The amount received in excess of the face value of share capital issued and subscribed is recognised in securities premium. Thereserve can be utilised only for limited purposes in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
Retained earnings represents the surplus in the statement of profit and loss and net amount of appropriations made to / fromretained earnings.
Remeasurement comprises of gains and losses resulting from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions.These are recognised directly in other comprehensive income during the period in which they occur and are presented separatelyunder other Equity.
Company's financial risk management is an integral part of how to plan and execute its business strategies. The Company's financialrisk management policy is set by the Managing Board.
Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financialinstrument.
The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equityprices and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments.
Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments and deposits, foreign currencyreceivables, payables and loans and borrowings.
Credit risk arises from the possibility that counter party may not be able to settle their obligations as agreed. To manage this, theCompany periodically assesses the financial reliability of customers, taking into account the financial condition, current economictrends, and analysis of historical bad debts and ageing of accounts receivable. Individual risk limits are set accordingly.
It considers available reasonable and supportive forwarding-looking information such as :
For the purposes of the Company's Capital Management, capital includes issued capital and all other equity reserves.
The primary objective of the Company's Capital Management is to maximise shareholder value. The company manages its capitalstructure and makes adjustments in the light of changes in economic environment and the requirements of the financialcovenants.The company does not have gearing as its cash and reserves are substantial to cover up borrowings.
Segment information is presented in respect of the Company's key operating segments. The operating segments are based on theCompany's management and internal reporting structure. The management identifies primary segments based on the dominantsource, nature of risks and returns and the internal organization and management structure. The operating segments are thesegments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly. Alloperating segments' operating results are reviewed regularly by the Board of Directors to make decisions about resources to beallocated to the segments and assess their performance.
Segment assets, segment liabilities and segment profit and loss are measured in the same way as in the financial statements:
Revenue and expenses directly attributable to segments are reported under each reportable segment. Expenses which are not directlyidentifiable to each reporting segment have been allocated on the basis of associated revenue/Gross Profit of the segment. Assets andliabilities that are directly attributable or allocable to segments are disclosed under each reportable segment. All other assets andliabilities are disclosed as unallocable.
Additional Information Disclosure Pursuant to Schedule III of Companies Act, 2013 as per MCA notification dated March 24, 2021
(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company forholding any Benami property.
(ii) The Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off.
(iii) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period,
(iv) The Company have not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(v) The Company have not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities(Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of thecompany (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
(vi) The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with theunderstanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the FundingParty (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
(vii) The Company have not any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered ordisclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any otherrelevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961
(viii) The company has not been declared as willful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any governmentauthority.
(ix) The Company does not have any layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Act read with the Companies (Restriction onnumber of Layers) Rules, 2017.
(x) The company has not entered any scheme of arrangement during the year.
(xi) The company has not availed any borrowings from banks and financial institutions on the basis of security of current assets.
(xii) There are no significant subsequent events that would require adjustments or disclosure in the financial statements as on thebalance sheet date.
The Code on Social Security, 2020 ('Code') relating to employee benefits during employment and post employment benefits receivedPresidential assent in September 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India. However, the date on which the Code willcome into effect has not been notified and the final rules/interpretation have not yet been issued. The Company will assess the impactof the Code when it comes into effect and will record any related impact in the period the Code becomes effective.