We have audited the accompanying Standalone FinancialStatements of Capital India Finance Limited (hereinafterreferred as "the Company"), which comprise the BalanceSheet as at March 31,2025, the Statement of Profit and Lossincluding Other Comprehensive Income, the Statement ofChanges in Equity and the Statement of Cash Flows for theyear then ended, and notes to the Standalone FinancialStatements, including a summary of material accountingpolicies and other explanatory information (hereinafterreferred to as the 'standalone financial statements').
In our opinion and to the best of our information andaccording to the explanations given to us, the aforesaidStandalone Financial Statements give the informationrequired by the Companies Act, 2013, as amended ("theAct") in the manner so required and give a true and fairview in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standardsprescribed under section 133 of the Act read with theCompanies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015,as amended, ('Ind As') and other accounting principlesgenerally accepted in India, of the state of affairs ofthe Company as at March 31, 2025, its profit, totalcomprehensive income, its cash flows and the statementof changes in equity for the year ended on that date.
We conducted our audit of the Standalone FinancialStatements in accordance with the Standards onAuditing (SAs), as specified under Section 143(10) ofthe Act. Our responsibilities under those Standards arefurther described in the "Auditor's Responsibilities for theAudit of the Standalone Financial Statements" sectionof our report. We are independent of the Company inaccordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India together with theethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of theStandalone Financial Statements under the provisions ofthe Act and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilledour other ethical responsibilities in accordance withthese requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believethat the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion onStandalone Financial Statements.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in ourprofessional judgment, were of most significance in ouraudit of the Standalone Financial Statements for the yearended March 31, 2025. These matters were addressedin the context of our audit of the Standalone FinancialStatements as a whole, and in forming our opinionthereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion onthese matters. For each matter below, our descriptionof how our audit addressed the matter is provided inthat context.
We have determined the matters described below to bethe key audit matters to be communicated in our report.We have fulfilled the responsibilities described in theAuditor's responsibilities for the audit of the StandaloneFinancial Statements section of our report, including inrelation to these matters. Accordingly, our audit includedthe performance of procedures designed to respond toour assessment of the risks of material misstatement ofthe Standalone Financial Statements. The results of ouraudit procedures, including the procedures performedto address the matters below, provide the basis for ouraudit opinion on the accompanying Standalone FinancialStatements.
Sr.
No.
Key audit matters
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
1.
Expected Credit Loss (ECL) on Loans and Advances
As at March 31, 2025, the carrying value of loan assetsmeasured at amortized cost, aggregated Rs.91,215.64 Lakhs(net of allowance of ECL of Rs. 1,916.13 Lakhs) constitutingapproximately 67% of the Company's total assets.
The estimation of ECL on financial instruments involvessignificant judgement and estimates. As part of our riskassessment, we determined that the allowance for ECL onloan assets has a high degree of estimation uncertainty, witha potential range of reasonable outcomes for the financialstatements.
The elements of estimating ECL which involved increasedlevel of audit focus are the following:
a) Data inputs - The application of ECL model requiresseveral data inputs.
b) Model estimations - Inherently judgmental modelsare used to estimate ECL which involves determiningProbabilities of Default ("PD"), Loss Given Default ("LGD"),and Exposures at Default ("EAD"). The PD and the LGD arethe key drivers of estimation complexity in the ECL and asa result are considered the most significant judgmentalaspect of the Company's modelling approach.
c) Qualitative and quantitative factors used in staging theloan assets measured at amortized cost.
d) Economic scenarios - Ind AS 109 requires the Companyto measure ECLs on an unbiased forward-lookingbasis reflecting a range of future economic conditions.Significant management judgement is applied indetermining the economic scenarios used and theprobability weights applied to them.
e) Adjustments to model driven ECL results to addressemerging trends.
Refer Note 6 of the Standalone Financial Statements.
Principal Audit Procedures:
• We read and assessed the Company's accounting policiesfor impairment of financial assets and their compliancewith Ind AS 109 and the governance frameworkapproved by the board of directors pursuant to ReserveBank of India ("RBI") guidelines issued on March 13, 2020.
• Tested the assumptions used for staging of loanportfolio into various categories and default bucketsfor determining the Probability of Default (PD) and LossGiven Default (LGD) rates.
• Assessed the criteria for staging of loans based on theirpast-due status. Tested samples of performing (Stage 1)loans to assess whether any loss indicators were presentrequiring them to be classified under stage 2 or 3 as perInd AS 109.
• Tested the arithmetical accuracy of computation of ECLprovision performed by the Company.
• Assessed the disclosures included in the Ind AS financialstatements in respect of expected credit losses with therequirements of Ind AS 107 and 109.
2.
Information technology (IT) systems used in financialreporting process.
The Company's operational and financial processes aredependent on IT systems due to large volume of transactionsthat are processed daily.
We therefore identified IT systems and controls over financialreporting as a key audit matter for the Company.
• We obtained an understanding of the Company's ITcontrol environment relevant to the audit.
• We tested the design, implementation and operatingeffectiveness of the Company's General IT controlsover the key IT systems which are critical to financialreporting.
• We also tested key automated and manual controls andlogic for system generated reports relevant to the auditthat would materially impact the financial statements.
• In addition to above, we have also relied on the work ofthe internal auditors and system auditors.
3.
Investment in Subsidiaries
The Company has equity investments in subsidiaries. TheCompany accounts for such investments at cost (subject toimpairment assessment).
The carrying value of investments is assessed for impairmentand where applicable, impairment provision is recognized.The accounting for investments is a key audit matter asthe determination of recoverable value for impairmentassessment involves significant management judgment andestimates such as future expected level of operations andrelated forecast of cash flows, market conditions, discountrates, terminal growth rate, etc.
Refer Note 7 of the Standalone financial statements.
• We understood the management's process of evaluatingthe triggers for impairment, forecasting the future cashflows, evaluation of assumptions and comparison ofestimates to externally available industry, economic andfinancial data, wherever available and necessary.
• We assessed that the methodology used by managementto estimate the recoverable value of each investment isconsistent with accounting standards.
• We assessed the assumptions used by the managementto determine the recoverable amount of the investmentin subsidiaries.
• We compared the carrying values of the Company'sinvestment in these subsidiaries to their respectivefinancial statements which were available with theirrespective net asset values and fair values and discussedwith management about their performance and futureoutlook.
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for theother information. The other information comprises theinformation included in the Annual report, but doesnot include the Consolidated Financial Statements,Standalone Financial Statements, and our auditor'sreport thereon.
Our opinion on the Standalone Financial Statements doesnot cover the other information and we do not expressany form of assurance or conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the Standalone FinancialStatements, our responsibility is to read the otherinformation and, in doing so, consider whether such otherinformation is materially inconsistent with the FinancialStatements or our knowledge obtained in the audit orotherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based onthe work we have performed, we conclude that there is amaterial misstatement of this other information, we arerequired to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
5. Responsibilities of Management and Those Chargedwith Governance for the Standalone FinancialStatements
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for thematters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect tothe preparation of these Standalone Financial Statementsthat give a true and fair view of the financial position,financial performance including other comprehensiveincome, changes in equity and cash flows of the Companyin accordance with the Ind AS and other accountingprinciples generally accepted in India, including the IndianAccounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under section 133of the Act read with the Companies (Indian AccountingStandards) Rules, 2015, as amended.
This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequateaccounting records in accordance with the provisions ofthe Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Companyand for preventing and detecting frauds and otherirregularities; selection and application of appropriateaccounting policies; making judgments and estimatesthat are reasonable and prudent; and the design,implementation and maintenance of adequate internalfinancial controls, that were operating effectively forensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accountingrecords, relevant to the preparation and presentation ofthe Standalone Financial Statements that give a true andfair view and are free from material misstatement, whetherdue to fraud or error.
In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements,Company's Board of Directors is responsible for assessingthe Company's ability to continue as a going concern,disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concernand using the going concern basis of accounting unlessmanagement either intends to liquidate the Companyor to cease operations, or has no realistic alternativebut to do so.
The Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeingthe Company's financial reporting process.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assuranceabout whether the Standalone Financial Statements asa whole are free from material misstatement, whetherdue to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's reportthat includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high
level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an auditconducted in accordance with Standards on Auditing(SAs) will always detect a material misstatement whenit exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error andare considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,they could reasonably be expected to influence theeconomic decisions of users taken on the basis of theseStandalone Financial Statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with Standards onauditing, we exercise professional judgment and maintainprofessional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
i. Identify and assess the risks of material misstatementof the Standalone Financial Statements, whetherdue to fraud or error, design and perform auditprocedures responsive to those risks, and obtainaudit evidence that is sufficient and appropriateto provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of notdetecting a material misstatement resulting fromfraud is higher than for one resulting from error,as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentionalomissions, misrepresentations, or the override ofinternal control.
ii. Obtain an understanding of internal financialcontrols relevant to the audit in order to designaudit procedures that are appropriate in thecircumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act,we are also responsible for expressing our opinionon whether the Company has adequate internalfinancial controls with reference to the financialstatements in place and the operating effectivenessof such controls.
iii. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policiesused and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesand related disclosures made by management.
iv. Conclude on the appropriateness of management'suse of the going concern basis of accounting and,based on the audit evidence obtained, whethera material uncertainty exists related to events orconditions that may cast significant doubt on theCompany's ability to continue as a going concern.If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists,we are required to draw attention in our auditor'sreport to the related disclosures in the StandaloneFinancial Statements or, if such disclosures areinadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusionsare based on the audit evidence obtained up to thedate of our auditor's report. However, future eventsor conditions may cause the Company to cease tocontinue as a going concern.
v. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure andcontent of the Standalone Financial Statements,including the disclosures, and whether the
Standalone Financial Statements represent theunderlying transactions and events in a manner thatachieves fair presentation.
Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements in theStandalone Financial Statements that, individually or inaggregate, makes it probable that the economic decisionsof a reasonably knowledgeable user of the FinancialStatements may be influenced. We consider quantitativemateriality and qualitative factors in; (i) planning thescope of our audit work and in evaluating the results ofour work; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of any identifiedmisstatements in the Financial Statements.
We communicate with those charged with governanceregarding, among other matters, the planned scopeand timing of the audit and significant audit findings,including any significant deficiencies in internal controlthat we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance witha statement that we have complied with relevantethical requirements regarding independence, and tocommunicate with them all relationships and othermatters that may reasonably be thought to bear on ourindependence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those chargedwith governance, we determine those matters that wereof most significance in the audit of Standalone FinancialStatements for the year ended March 31, 2025 and aretherefore the key audit matters. We describe thesematters in our auditor's report unless law or regulationprecludes public disclosure about the matter or when, inextremely rare circumstances, we determine that a mattershould not be communicated in our report because theadverse consequences of doing so would reasonably beexpected to outweigh the public interest benefits of suchcommunication.
i. As required by the Companies (Auditor's report)Order, 2020 ("the Order") issued by the CentralGovernment of India in terms of sub-section (11) ofsection 143 of the Act, we give in the "Annexure A" astatement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3and 4 of the Order.
ii. As required by section 143 (3) of the Act, based onour audit we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all theinformation and explanations which to the bestof our knowledge and belief were necessary forthe purpose of our audit;
b. In our opinion, proper books of account asrequired by law have been kept by the Companyso far as it appears from our examination ofthose books.
c. The Standalone Balance Sheet, StandaloneStatement of Profit and Loss including OtherComprehensive Income, the StandaloneStatement of Cash Flow and the StandaloneStatement of Changes in Equity dealt with bythis Report are in agreement with the relevantbooks of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid StandaloneFinancial Statements comply with the Ind ASspecified under section 133 of the Act, readwith Companies (Indian Accounting Standards)Rules, 2015, as amended.
e. On the basis of written representations receivedfrom the directors as on March 31,2025, takenon record by the Board of Directors, none of thedirectors is disqualified as on March 31,2025,from being appointed as a director in terms ofsection 164 (2) of the Act.
f. With respect to the adequacy of the internalfinancial controls with reference to theStandalone Financial Statements of theCompany and the operating effectiveness ofsuch controls, we request you to refer to ourseparate Report in "Annexure B" to this report.
g. With respect to the matter to be included inthe Auditor's Report in accordance with therequirements of section 197(16) of the Act, inour opinion, and to the best of our informationand according to the explanations given tous, the managerial remuneration for the yearended March 31,2025 has been paid / providedby the Company to its directors in accordanceof provisions of Section 197 read with ScheduleV to the Act.
h. With respect to the other matters to be includedin the Auditor's Report in accordance withRule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors)Rules, 2014, as amended in our opinion and tothe best of our information and according tothe explanations given to us:
i. The Company does not have anypending litigations as at 31 March 2025on its financial position in its standalonefinancial statements
ii. The Company did not have any long-termcontracts including derivative contractsfor which there were any materialforeseeable losses;
iii. There were no amounts which wererequired to be transferred to the InvestorEducation and Protection Fund bythe Company;
iv. (a) The Management has represented that,
to the best of its knowledge and belief,no funds have been advanced or loanedor invested (either from borrowed fundsor share premium or any other sources orkind of funds) by the Company to or in anyother person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries"), withthe understanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Intermediaryshall, whether, directly or indirectly lendor invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoever byor on behalf of the Company ("UltimateBeneficiaries") or provide any guarantee,security or the like on behalf of theUltimate Beneficiaries [Refer Note 50 (a)]to Standalone Financial Statements);
(b) The Management has represented that,to the best of its knowledge and belief, nofunds have been received by the Companyfrom any person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Funding Parties"), withthe understanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Companyshall, whether, directly or indirectly, lendor invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoever by oron behalf of the Funding Party ("UltimateBeneficiaries") or provide any guarantee,security or the like on behalf of theUltimate Beneficiaries [Refer Note 50 (b)]to Standalone Financial Statements); and
(c) Based on such audit procedures thathave been considered reasonable andappropriate in the circumstances; nothinghas come to our notice that has caused usto believe that the representations undersub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), asprovided under (a) and (b) above, containany material misstatement.
v. As stated in Note 30 to the StandaloneFinancial Statements, the Board of Directorsof the Company has proposed final dividend
for the year which is subject to the approvalof the members at the ensuing AnnualGeneral Meeting. The dividend declared is inaccordance with section 123 of the Act to theextent it applies to declaration of dividend.
vi. Based on our examination which include testchecks, the Company has used accountingsoftware for maintaining its books of accountwhich has a feature of recording audit trail
(edit log) facility and same has operated for allrelevant transactions recorded in the software.Further, during the course of our audit we didnot come across any instance of audit trailfeature being tampered with.
Further audit trail has been preserved by the company asper the statutory requirements for record retention andduring the course of our audit we did not come across anyinstance of audit trail feature being tampered with.
For V. Sankar Aiyar & Co.,
Chartered AccountantsFirm Registration No.: 109208W
S. Nagabushanam
Partner
Place: Mumbai Membership No. 107022
Date: May 14, 2025 UDIN: 25107022BMLYSB3418