Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existencewill be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly withinthe control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow ofresources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of pastevents, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can bereliably estimated. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required tosettle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the presentvalue is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specificto the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as interest expense.
Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement isdetermined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognized even if the likelihood ofan outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.
A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. An entity shall not recognizea contingent asset unless the recovery is virtually certain.
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash onhand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short- term, highly liquid investments with originalmaturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject toan insignificant risk of changes in value. Bank Overdraft and cash credits are not included in the cash & cashequivalent according to Ind AS 7 as there is no arrangement for positive and negative balance fluctuation inthose accounts, they are basically the integral part of loans and credit management.
Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization and are tested annually forimpairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Otherassets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amountmay not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which asset’s carrying amountexceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of an asset’s fair value less cost of disposaland value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for whichthere are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assetsor group of assets (cash-generating units).
Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of theimpairment at the end of each reporting period.
i. Basic earnings per share: Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:
• the profit attributable to owners of the Company
• by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted forbonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.
ii. Diluted earnings per share: Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basicearnings per share to take into account:
• the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equityshares, and
• the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assumingthe conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Equity shares are classified as equity.
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction,net of tax, from the proceeds.
y) Foreign Currency:
The functional currency of the company is Indian Rupee. Theses financial statements are presented in IndianRupees.
The foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency by applying to theforeign currency amount the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at thedate of transaction.
The foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate at the end of each reporting period.Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using theexchange rate at the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or ontranslating monetary items at rates different from those which they were translated on initial recognition duringthe period or in previous financial statements are recognized in statement of profit and loss in the period in whichthey arise.
Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at thediscretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reportingperiod.
aa) Rounding off:
All amounts disclosed in the financial statement and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Lacs, unlessotherwise stated.
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldomequal the actual results. Management also needs to exercise judgement in applying the Company’s accountingpolicies. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, andof items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be differentthan those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimates and judgements is included inrelevant notes together with information about the basis of calculation for each affected line item in the financialstatements.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Management to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingentassets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses duringthe period. These estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and management’sbest knowledge of current events and actions the Company may take in future.
Information about critical estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to thecarrying amounts of assets and liabilities are included in the following notes:
(a) Estimation of defined benefit obligations
(b) Estimation of current tax expenses and payable
(c) Estimation of provisions and contingencies
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for measurement andrecognition of impairment loss on the financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortizedcost e.g., Loans, Debt Securities, Deposits and Trade Receivables or any contractual right to receive cash oranother financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 18. The Company follows‘Simplified Approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplifiedapproach recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECL at each reporting date, right from itsinitial recognition. Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at cost lessprovision for impairment. As a practical expedient the Company has adopted ‘Simplified Approach’ using theprovision matrix method for recognition of expected loss on trade receivables. The provision matrix is based onthree years rolling average default rates observed over the expected life of the trade receivables and is adjustedfor forward-looking estimates. These average default rates are applied on total credit risk exposure on tradereceivables and outstanding for more than one year at the reporting date to determine lifetime Expected CreditLosses. Company has a policy to recognize expected credit loss only if there is reasonable certainty of defaultfrom trade receivable. To be prudent in booking of expected credit loss, company recognize the expected creditloss when legal right to recover the debt expires which is normally after 3 years of raising sales invoice and thatto on the basis of management expectation of recoverability.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines thatwhether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has notincreased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increasedsignificantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such thatthere is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, the Company reverts to recognizingimpairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.
ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized under the head ‘OtherExpenses’ in the statement of profit and loss. The balance sheet presentation for various financial instruments isdescribed below:
i. Financial assets measured as at amortized cost: ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integralpart of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carryingamount.
ii. Debt instruments measured at FVTPL: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairmentallowance is not further reduced from its value. The change in fair value is taken to the statement of Profitand Loss.
iii. Debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: Since financial assets are already reflected at fair value, impairmentallowance is not further reduced from its value. Rather, ECL amount is presented as ‘Accumulated ImpairmentAmount’ in the OCI. The Company does not have any Purchased or Originated Credit Impaired (POCI)financial assets, i.e., financial assets which are credit impaired on purchase/ origination.
(b) Estimation of defined benefit obligations
The liabilities of the Company arising from employee benefit obligations and the related current service cost, aredetermined on an actuarial basis using various assumptions. Refer note 31 for significant assumptions used.
(c) Estimation of current tax expenses and payable
Taxes recognized in the financial statements reflect management’s best estimate of the outcome based on thefacts known at the balance sheet date. These facts include but are not limited to interpretation of tax laws ofvarious jurisdictions where the company operates. Any difference between the estimates and final tax assessmentswill impact the income tax as well the resulting assets and liabilities.
(d) Estimation of provisions and contingencies
Provisions are liabilities of uncertain amount or timing recognized where a legal or constructive obligation existsat the balance sheet date, as a result of a past event, where the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated
and where the outflow of economic benefit is probable. Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that mayarise from past event whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one ormore uncertain future events which are not fully within the control of the Company. The Company exercisesjudgement and estimates in recognizing the provisions and assessing the exposure to contingent liabilities relatingto pending litigations. Judgment is necessary in assessing the likelihood of the success of the pending claim andto quantify the possible range of financial settlement. Due to this inherent uncertainty in the evaluation process,actual losses may be different from originally estimated provision. Warranty provisions are determined based onthe historical percentage of warranty expense to sales for the same types of goods for which the warranty iscurrently being determined. The same percentage to the sales is applied for the current accounting period toderive the warranty expense to be accrued. It is very unlikely that actual warranty claims will exactly match thehistorical warranty percentage, so such estimates are reviewed annually for any material changes in assumptionsand likelihood of occurrence.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transactionbetween market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumptionthat the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
i. In the principal market for asset or liability, or
ii. In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company. The fair value of an assetor liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset orliability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generateeconomic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant thatwould use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient dataare available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use ofunobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorizedwithin the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fairvalue measurement as a whole:
Level 1- Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement isdirectly or indirectly observable.
Level 3- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement isunobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Companydetermines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization(based on the lowest level input that is significant to fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of eachreporting period. For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets andliabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair valuehierarchy as explained above.
Other Fair Value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.
H. (a) In respect of amounts as mentioned under 205C of the Companies Act, 2013 there were no dues required tobe credited to the Investor Education and Protection Fund as at March 31,2025.
(b) CSR liability of Rs.Nil Lakhs (Paid during the year Rs 21.26 Lakhs)
The basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to equityshareholders for the year by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of equity shares and alsothe weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued on the conversion of alldilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceedsreceivable, had the shares been actually issued at fair value.
Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless they havebeen issued at a later date. The number of equity shares and potential diluted equity shares are adjustedfor stock split, bonus shares, Convertible Preference Shares, Share Warrants and the potential dilutiveeffect of Employee Stock Option Plan as appropriate.
This Section explains the judgments and estimates made in determining fair values of financial instruments thatare (a) recognized and measured at fair value and (b) measured at amortized cost and for which fair values aredisclosed in financial statements. To provide an indication about reliability of inputs used in determining fairvalue, group has classified its financial instruments into three levels prescribed under accounting standard. Anexplanation of each level follows underneath the table:
Fair value of financial instruments as referred to in note above has been classified into three categories dependingon inputs used in valuation technique. Hierarchy gives highest priority to quoted prices in active market foridentical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3measurements).
The categories used are as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: The fair value of Financial Instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined usingvaluation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data rely as little as possible on entity specificestimates.
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument isincluded in level 3.
Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and transfer out of fair value hierarchy levels as at the end of thereporting period.
As per our Report of even date For and on behalf of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Chartered Accountants Managing Director Whole Time Director
(FRN.:018734N) DIN: 00893704 DIN: 10238911
Partner CFO Company Secretary
M.No.:500138 M.No:093357 M.No:ACS 28170
Place :New DelhiDated:27.05.2025