Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will berequired to settle the obligation and in respect of which reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value andare determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at each Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each BalanceSheet date and adjusted to reflect the best current estimate.
A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or areliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosed when there is apossible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non -occurrence of one ormore uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.
Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised.However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised.
k) Foreign currency transactions and translations
Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the companyoperates (the functional currency). The company's financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is also the company'spresentation and financial currency. These financial statements are presented in Indian rupees.
Foreign-currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the relevant functional currency at exchange rates in effectat the balance sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the statement of profit and loss. Non¬monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchangerate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreigncurrency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the transaction.
Transaction gains or losses realized upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the periodin which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cashflow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevantfunctional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.
Forward Exchange Contracts
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract.Exchange differences on such contracts except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognised in thestatement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change, any profit and loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forwardexchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the year.
Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and all attached conditions will becomplied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the relatedcosts, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amountsover the expected useful life of the related asset.
When the company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to profitor loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. Whenloans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate,the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair valueand the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan issubsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.
With effect from 1 April 2018, the Company has adopted IND AS 115 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers' which introduces a new five-step approach to measuring and recognising revenue from contracts with customers. Under IND AS 115, revenue is recognised on satisfactionof performance obligation at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring
goods or services to a customer. The Company has elected to apply the Cumulative catch up method in adopting IND AS 115. In accordancewith the cumulative catch-up transition method, the comparatives have not been retrospectively adjusted. Applying the practical expedientas given in Ind AS 115, the Company has not disclosed the remaining performance obligation related disclosures. Revenue is recognised tothe extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and can be reliably measured. The Company bases itsestimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.
Revenue is recognized on satisfaction of performance obligation at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Companyexpects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods to a customer.
For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, interest income isrecorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts overthe expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial assetor to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the management estimates the expectedcash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interestincome is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control theuse of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
Company as a lessee
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-valueassets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlyingassets.
i) Right-of-use assets
The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is availablefor use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for anyremeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costsincurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets aredepreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the leaseterm or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset. Theright-of-use assets are also subject to impairment.
ii) Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease paymentsto be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any leaseincentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual valueguarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Companyand payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate.
Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produceinventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement datebecause the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilitiesis increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of leaseliabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to futurepayments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of anoption to purchase the underlying asset. The Company's lease liabilities are included in Interest-bearing loans and borrowings
iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of Land & building (i.e., those leases that havea lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-termleases and leases of low value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classifiedas operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in revenue in thestatement of profit or loss due to its operating nature. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are addedto the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same.
The income tax expense or credit for the year is the tax payable on the current year's taxable income based on the applicable income tax ratefor each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities (including MAT) attributable to temporary differences and tounused tax losses.
Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assetsand liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purpose at reporting date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities aremeasured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to applyto taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rateson deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the year that includes the enactment or the substantiveenactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available againstwhich the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized. The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities,where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize theasset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economicbenefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. MAT is recognised as deferred tax assets in the Balance Sheetwhen the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realised.
p) Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit for the year is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature,any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing orfinancing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
q) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.Financial AssetsInitial Recognition
All financial assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value on initial recognition, except for trade receivables which are initially measured attransaction price. Transaction cost that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, which arenot at fair value through profit or loss, are added to the fair value on initial recognition
The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income ("FVOQ")or fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL") on the basis of following:
• entity's business model for managing the financial assets and
• contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
A financial asset is subsequently measured at amortise cost, if the financial asset is held within a business model, whose objective is to holdthe asset in order to collect contractual cash flow and the contractual term of financial asset give rise on specified date to cash flow that aresolely payment of principal and interest on principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets that are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both, selling financial assets and collecting contractualcash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest, are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income.Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). Interest income measured using the EIR method andimpairment losses, if any are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognisedin OCI is reclassified from the equity to 'other income' in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
A financial asset is classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value throughOCI.
All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classificationof the financial assets.
Initial Recognition
Financial liabilities are initially measured at the amortised cost unless at initial recognition, they are classified as fair value through profit andloss. In case of trade payables, they are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently, these liabilities are held at amortised cost, using theeffective interest method.
Classification and Subsequent Measurement: Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Financial liabilities carried at fair value through profitor loss are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. The Companyrecognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial asset. In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the simplifiedapproach permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss allowance. The application of simplified approachdoes not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. The Company calculates the expected credit losses on trade receivables using aprovision matrix on the basis of its historical credit loss experience.
The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers thecontractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset. A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract isdischarged, cancelled or expires.
Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offsetthe recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participantsat the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liabilitytakes place either:
♦ In the principal market for the asset or liability. Or
♦ In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are
Categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurementas a whole;
Level 1- Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectlyobservable.
Level 3- Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristicsand risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.
Contributions to defined contribution schemes such as employees' state insurance, labour welfare fund, employees provident fund, employeepension scheme etc. are charged as an expense based on the amount of contribution required to be made as and when services are renderedby the employees. Company's provident fund contribution, in respect of certain employees, is made to a government administered fund andcharged as an expense to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The above benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Companyhas no further defined obligations beyond the monthly contributions.
The Company's Liabilities on account of Gratuity and Earned Leave on retirement of employees are determined at the end of each financialyear on the basis of actuarial valuation certificates obtained from Registered Actuary in accordance with the measurement procedure as perIndian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) -19., 'Employee Benefits' The gratuity liability is covered through a policy taken by a trust establishedunder the group gratuity scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The costs of providing benefits under these plans are alsodetermined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year end. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans are recognized throughOCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
The Defined Benefit Plan can be short term or Long terms which are defined below:
(i) Short term Employee benefit
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after theend of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end ofthe reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presentedas current employee benefits obligations in the balance sheet.
(ii) Long term Employee benefits
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employee rendersthe related services are recognized as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.
An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which It may earn revenues and incurexpenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company's chief operating decision maker to make decisions for whichdiscrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the chief operating decision makerevaluates the Company's performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segmentsand geographic segments. The Company has two business segments i.e. manufacturing of Aluminium Extruded products and manufacturingof Transmission and Distribution Line as per the management. However, as per the Ind AS- 108 "Operating segments" specified under Section133 of the Companies Act, 2013, there are no reportable operating or geographical segments applicable to the Company.
u) Borrowings
Borrowings are measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount isrecognised in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilitiesare recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. To the extentthere is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidityservices and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.
Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a long-term loan arrangement on or before the end of thereporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability ascurrent, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statements for issue, not to demand paymentas a consequence of the breach.
v) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit for the period attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company bythe weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstandingduring the period and for all periods presented is adjusted for events, such as bonus shares, other than the conversion of potential equityshares that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weightedaverage number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. Theresulting gains / losses is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as ahedging instrument, in which event the timing of recognition in profit or loss / inclusion in the initial cost of non-financial asset depends onthe nature of the hedging relationship and the nature of the hedged item.
The Company complies with the principles of hedge accounting where derivative contracts are designated as hedge instruments. At theinception of the hedge relationship, the Company documents the relationship between the hedge instrument and the hedged item, alongwith the risk management objectives and its strategy for undertaking hedge transaction, which can be a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.
a) Fair value hedges -
Changes in fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as fair value hedges are recognised in profit or loss immediately,together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The change in the fairvalue of the designated portion of hedging instrument and the change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged riskare recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the line item relating to the hedged item.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longerqualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk isamortised to profit or loss from that date.
b) Cash flow hedges -
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in theother comprehensive income. The gains / losses relating to the ineffective portion is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Amounts previously recognised and accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss when the hedgeditem affects the Statement of Profit and Loss. However, when the hedged item results in the recognition of a non-financial asset, suchgains / losses are transferred from equity (but not as reclassification adjustment) and included in the initial measurement cost of thenon-financial asset.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longerqualifies for hedge accounting. Any gains/losses recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that timeremains in equity and is reclassified when the underlying transaction is ultimately recognised. When an underlying transaction is nolonger expected to occur, the gains / losses accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.