We have audited the accompanying financial statementsof Equitas Small Finance Bank Limited (the "Bank"), whichcomprise the Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2025, theProfit and Loss Account and the Cash Flow Statement forthe year then ended, and notes to the financial statements,including a summary of significant accounting policies andother explanatory information (hereinafter referred to as the"financial statements").
In our opinion and to the best of our information and accordingto the explanations given to us, the aforesaid financialstatements give the information required by Section 29 ofthe Banking Regulation Act, 1949 as well as the CompaniesAct, 2013, as amended (the "Act") in the manner so requiredfor Banking Companies and give a true and fair view inconformity with the accounting principles generally acceptedin India, including the Accounting Standards prescribed undersection 133 of the Act, read with rules made thereunder, ofthe state of affairs of the Bank as at March 31, 2025, and itsprofit and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
We conducted our audit of the financial statements inaccordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs), as specifiedunder section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities underthose Standards are further described in the 'Auditor'sResponsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements'section of our report. We are independent of the Bank inaccordance with the 'Code of Ethics' issued by the Instituteof Chartered Accountants of India(ICAI) together with theethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of thefinancial statements under the provisions of the Act and theRules made there under, and we have fulfilled our other ethicalresponsibilities in accordance with these requirements and theICAI 's Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence wehave obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basisfor our audit opinion on the financial statements.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgment, were of most significance in our audit of thefinancial statements for the financial year ended March 31,2025. These matters were addressed in the context of ouraudit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming ouropinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion onthese matters. For each matter below, our description of howour audit addressed the matter is provided in that context.
We have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
S.
No.
Key Audit Matters
How our Audit Addresses our Key Audit Matters
Identification of non-performing advances and provisioning for advances
1
Advances form a material portion ofthe Bank's assets and the quality of theBank's loan portfolio is measured in termsof the proportion of non-performingassets (NPAs) to the total loans andadvances. Identification, classification andprovisioning of NPAs are governed by theprudential norms on income Recognitionand Asset Classification ("IRAC") issuedby the Reserve Bank of India ("RBI")which include rule-based and judgementalfactors. Management is also required tomake estimates of stress, recoverabilityissues, and security erosion in respect ofspecific borrowers or groups of borrowers,on account of specific factors that mayaffect such borrowers/groups.
In view of the significance of this area tothe overall audit of financial statements, ithas been considered as a key audit matter.
We considered the Bank's accounting policies for NPA identification, andprovisioning and have assessed the compliance with the IRAC norms prescribedby the RBI.
We tested the operating effectiveness of the controls (including applicationand IT dependent controls) for borrower wise classification of loans in therespective asset classes viz., standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss withreference to their days-past-due (DPD) status.
We considered the special mention accounts ("SMA") reports submitted bythe Bank to the RBI's central repository of information on large credits (CRILC)and made inquiries of personnel in the Bank's credit and risk departmentsregarding indicators of stress, perceived risk and mitigating steps taken and/ orthe occurrence of specific event(s) of default or other factors affecting the loanportfolio/particular loan product category, that may affect NPA identificationand/or provisioning.
Selected the borrowers based on quantitative and qualitative risk factors fortheir assessment of appropriate classification as NPA including computation ofoverdue ageing to assess its correct classification and provision amount as perextant IRAC norms and Bank policy.
We performed analytical procedures which considered both financial and non¬financial parameters, in relation to identification of NPAs and provisioningthere against.
Information Technology ("IT") Systems and Controls impacting Financial Reporting
2
The IT environment of the Bank is complexand involves a large number of independentand interdependent IT systems used in theoperations of the Bank for processing andrecording a large volume of transactions atnumerous locations. As a result, there is ahigh degree of reliance and dependency onsuch IT systems for the financial reportingprocess of the Bank.
The IT infrastructure is critical for smoothfunctioning of the Bank's businessoperations as well as for timely and accuratefinancial accounting and reporting.
IT general controls include user accessmanagement and change managementacross applications, networks, database,and operating systems.
Due to the pervasive nature and complexityof the IT environment as well as itssignificance in relation to accurate andtimely financial reporting we have identifiedthis area as a key audit matter.
As part of our Audit, we have carried out testing of the IT general controls,application controls and IT dependent manual controls of the financiallysignificant applications.
We have gained an understanding of IT controls framework throughWalkthrough of processes. We have referred to the reports of InformationSystems Audit.
We have also tested the design and operating effectiveness of the Bank'sIT general controls in the nature of controls over logical access, changemanagement, and other aspects of IT controls over the key informationsystems that are critical to financial reporting. These included testing thatrequests for access to systems were reviewed and authorized.
Where deficiencies were identified, we tested compensating controls orperformed alternate procedures sufficient to confirm that the control objectivesare satisfied.
The financial statements of the bank for the year endedMarch 31, 2024 were jointly audited by M/s Varma & Varmaand ASA & Associates LLP, who, vide their report dated April24, 2024, expressed an unmodified opinion on those financialstatements.
The Bank's Board of Directors is responsible for the otherinformation. The other information comprises the informationincluded in the Annual report, but does not include thefinancial statements and our auditor's report thereon. TheBank's annual report is expected to be made available to usafter the date of this Auditors' Report.
Our opinion on the financial statements does not coverthe other information and Pillar 3 disclosure under BaselIII Capital Regulations, including Leverage Ratio, LiquidityCoverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio under CapitalAdequacy and Liquidity Standards issued by Reserve Bank ofIndia' ("RBI") and we do not express any form of assuranceconclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the financial statements,our responsibility is to read the other information identifiedabove when it becomes available and, in doing so, considerwhether such other information is materially inconsistent withthe financial statements, or our knowledge obtained in theaudit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. When
we read the Bank's annual report, if we conclude that thereis a material misstatement of this other information, we arerequired to communicate the matter to those charged withgovernance and take appropriate actions.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Chargedwith Governance for the Financial Statements
The Bank's Board of Directors is responsible for the mattersstated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to thepreparation of these financial statements that give a true andfair view of the financial position, financial performance andcash flows of the Bank in accordance with the accountingprinciples generally accepted in India, including the accountingstandards specified under section 133 of the Act read with theCompanies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021, as amended,in so far as they apply to the Bank and provisions of Section 29of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and circulars, guidelinesand directions issued by Reserve Bank of India ("RBI") fromtime to time.
This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequateaccounting records in accordance with the provisions ofthe Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Bank and forpreventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities;selection and application of appropriate accounting policies;making judgements and estimates that are reasonable andprudent; and the design, implementation and maintenanceof adequate internal financial controls, that were operatingeffectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness ofthe accounting records, relevant to the preparation and
presentation of the financial statements that give a true andfair view and are free from material misstatement, whetherdue to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, management isresponsible for assessing the Bank's ability to continue as agoing concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters relatedto going concern and using the going concern basis ofaccounting unless the management and Board of Directorseither intends to liquidate the Bank or to cease operations, orhas no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeing theBank's financial reporting process.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance aboutwhether the financial statements as a whole are free frommaterial misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and toissue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonableassurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guaranteethat an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will alwaysdetect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatementscan arise from fraud or error and are considered material if,individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably beexpected to influence the economic decisions of users takenon the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professional skepticismthroughout the audit. We also:
• I dentify and assess the risks of material misstatement ofthe financial statements, whether due to fraud or error,design and perform audit procedures responsive to thoserisks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The riskof not detecting a material misstatement resulting fromfraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraudmay involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant tothe audit in order to design audit procedures that areappropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing ouropinion on whether the Bank has adequate internalfinancial controls with reference to financial statementsin place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies usedand the reasonableness of accounting estimates andrelated disclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's useof the going concern basis of accounting and, basedon the audit evidence obtained, whether a materialuncertainty exists related to events or conditions thatmay cast significant doubt on the Bank's ability tocontinue as a going concern. If we conclude that amaterial uncertainty exists, we are required to drawattention in our auditor's report to the related disclosuresin the financial statements or, if such disclosures areinadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusionsare based on the audit evidence obtained up to thedate of our auditor's report. However, future events orconditions may cause the Bank to cease to continue as agoing concern
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and contentof the financial statements, including the disclosures,and whether the financial statements represent theunderlying transactions and events in a manner thatachieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governanceregarding, among other matters, the planned scope andtiming of the audit and significant audit findings, includingany significant deficiencies in internal control that we identifyduring our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with astatement that we have complied with relevant ethicalrequirements regarding independence, and to communicatewith them all relationships and other matters that mayreasonably be thought to bear on our independence, andwhere applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were of mostsignificance in the audit of the financial statements for thefinancial year ended March 31, 2025 and are therefore thekey audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor'sreport unless law or regulation precludes public disclosureabout the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances,we determine that a matter should not be communicatedin our report because the adverse consequences of doing sowould reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interestbenefits of such communication.
1. The Balance Sheet and the Profit and Loss Accounthave been drawn up in accordance with the provisionsof Section 29 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 andsection 133 of the Act read the Companies (AccountingStandards) Rules, 2021, as amended.
2. As required by sub section (3) of section 30 of the
Banking Regulation Act, 1949 we report that:
a) We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which, to the best of ourknowledge and belief, were necessary for thepurpose of our audit and have found them to besatisfactory;
b) The transactions of the Bank, which have cometo our notice, have been within the powers of theBank; and
c) The financial accounting systems of the Bank arecentralized and therefore, accounting returns forthe purpose of preparing financial statements arenot required to be submitted by the branches. Ouraudit is carried out centrally as all the necessaryrecords and data required for the purposes of ouraudit are centrally available. However, we havevisited 36 branches for the purpose of our audit, incompliance with the extant RBI Circular.
3. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit;
(b) In our opinion, proper books of account as requiredby law have been kept by the Bank so far as itappears from our examination of those books;
(c) The Balance Sheet, the Profit and Loss Account,and the Cash Flow Statement dealt with by thisReport are in agreement with the books of account;
(d) I n our opinion, the aforesaid financial statementscomply with the accounting standards specifiedunder section 133 of the Act read the Companies(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2021, as amended,to the extent they are not inconsistent with theaccounting policies prescribed by RBI;
(e) On the basis of the written representations receivedfrom the directors as on March 31, 2025 takenon record by the Board of Directors, none of thedirectors is disqualified as on March 31, 2025 frombeing appointed as a director in terms of Section164(2) of the Act;
(f) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financialcontrols over financial reporting of the Bank withreference to these financial statements and theoperating effectiveness of such controls, refer to ourseparate Report in "Annexure-A" to this report;
(g) In our opinion, the provisions of section 197 ofthe Act are not applicable to the bank by virtueof Section 35B(2A) of the Banking Regulation Act1949; and
(h) With respect to the other matters to be included inthe Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 ofthe Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014,as amended, in our opinion and to the best of ourinformation and according to the explanationsgiven to us:
i. The Bank has disclosed the impact of pendinglitigations as at March 31, 2025 on its financialposition in its financial statements - Refer toSchedule 12 to the financial statements;
ii. The Bank did not have any long-term contractsincluding derivative contracts for which therewere any material foreseeable losses;
iii. There were no amounts which were requiredto be transferred to the Investor Educationand Protection Fund by the Bank;
iv. a) The Management of the Bank has
represented that, to the best of itsknowledge and belief, no funds (whichare material either individually or inthe aggregate) have been advanced orloaned or invested (either from borrowedfunds or share premium or any othersources or kind of funds) by the Bank toor in any other persons/entities, includingforeign entities ('Intermediaries'), withthe understanding, whether recordedin writing or otherwise, that theIntermediary shall, whether, directly orindirectly lend or invest in other personsor entities identified in any mannerwhatsoever by or on behalf of the Bank("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide anyguarantee, security or the like on behalfof the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
b) The Management of the Bank hasrepresented that, to the best of itsknowledge and belief, no funds (whichare material either individually or in theaggregate) have been received by theBank from any persons/entities, includingforeign entities ("Funding Parties"), withthe understanding, whether recordedin writing or otherwise, that the bankshall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend
or invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Funding Party("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide anyguarantee, security or the like on behalfof the Ultimate Beneficiaries; and
c) Based on the audit procedures whichwe have considered reasonable andappropriate in the circumstances andaccording to the information andexplanations provided to us by themanagement in this regard, nothing hascome to our notice that has caused usto believe that the representations madeby the management under sub- clause(a) and (b) above contain any materialmisstatement.
v. The final dividend proposed in the previousyear, declared and paid by the Bank during theyear is in accordance with Section 123 of theAct, as applicable.
vi. a) Based on our examination whichincluded test checks, the bank has usedaccounting software for maintaining itsbooks of account which has a featureof recording audit trail (edit log) facilityand the same has operated throughoutthe year for all relevant transactionsrecorded in the software. Further, duringthe course of our audit we did not comeacross any instance of audit trail featurebeing tampered with.
b) Audit trail has been preserved bythe Company as per the statutoryrequirements for record retention inaccordance with the requirements ofRule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit andAuditors) Rules, 2014.
Chartered Accountants Chartered Accountants
ICAI FRN: 009571N/N500006 ICAI FRN: 004283S
Partner Partner
ICAI Membership No. 202363 ICAI Membership No. 229694
UDIN: 25202363BMOQGY7155 UDIN: 25229694BMIIIL8430
Place: Chennai Place: Mumbai
Date: 30-04-2025 Date: 30-04-2025