A provision is recognized when the Bank has apresent obligation as a result of past event, it isprobable that an outflow of resources embodyingeconomic benefits will be required to settle theobligation and a reliable estimate can be madeof the amount of the obligation. Provisions arenot discounted to their present value and aredetermined based on the best estimate required tosettle the obligation at the reporting date. Theseestimates are reviewed at each reporting date andadjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
A contingent liability is a possible obligation thatarises from past events whose existence will beconfirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence ofone or more uncertain future events beyond thecontrol of the Bank or a present obligation thatis not recognized because it is not probable thatan outflow of resources will be required to settlethe obligation. A contingent liability also arisesin extremely rare cases where there is a liabilitythat cannot be recognized because it cannot bemeasured reliably. The Bank does not recognizea contingent liability but discloses its existence inthe financial statements. Contingent assets areneither recognised nor disclosed in the financialstatements.
Cash and cash equivalents comprises of Cashin Hand and Balances with RBI and Balanceswith Banks and Money at Call and Short Notice.The same item are considered as cash and cashequivalents in preparation of Cash Flow Statement.
3.18. Short sale transactions
I n respect of the short sale transactions in CentralGovernment dated securities, the short positionis covered by outright purchase of an equivalentamount of the same security within a maximumperiod of three months including the day of trade.The short position is reflected as the amount receivedon sale in a separate account and is classified under'Other Liabilities'. The short position is marked tomarket and loss, if any, is charged to the Profit andLoss account, while gain, if any, is not recognised.Profit or loss on settlement of the short position isrecognised in the Profit and Loss account.
3.19. Reward Points
The Bank runs a loyalty program, which seeks torecognize and reward customers based on theirrelationship with the Bank. Under the program,eligible customers are granted loyalty pointsredeemable in future, subject to certain conditions.The Bank estimates the probable redemptionof such loyalty/reward points using an actuarialmethod at the Balance Sheet date by employing anindependent actuary. Provision for the said rewardpoints is then made based on the actuarial valuationreport as furnished by the said independent actuary.
3.20. Share issue expenses
Share issue expenses are adjusted from SharePremium Account in terms of Section 52 of theCompanies Act, 2013.
3.21. Corporate social responsibility
Expenditure towards corporate social responsibility,in accordance with Companies Act, 2013, isrecognised in the Profit and Loss Account.
*During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Bank has allotted 49,75,142 (Previous year: 2,43,29,125) equity shares pursuant tothe exercise of options by its employees in accordance with the ESFB ESOP Scheme.
The Bank has not drawn down any amount from its opening reserves during the year ended March 31, 2025 and March 31,2024.
(i) Statutory reserve
As mandated by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, all banking companies incorporated in India shall create a reserve fund,out of the balance of profit of each year as disclosed in the profit and loss account and before any dividend is declared andtransfer a sum equivalent to not less than twenty five per cent of such profit. The Bank has transferred ' 36.76 Crore (Previousyear '199.74 Crore) to Statutory Reserve for the year.
During the year, the Bank had appropriated ' 12.31 Crore (Previous Year ' 1.15 Crore), net of taxes and transfer to statutoryreserve, to the Capital Reserve, being the gain on sale of HTM Investments in accordance with RBI guidelines.
As per the provisions under Section 36(1)(viii) of Income Tax Act, 1961, the specified entity is allowed the deduction in respectof any special reserve created and maintained by it, i.e. an amount not exceeding twenty per cent of the profits derivedfrom eligible business computed under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession" (before making any deductionunder this clause). This would be applicable till the aggregate of the amounts carried to such reserve account from time totime exceeds twice the amount of the paid up share capital (excluding the amounts capitalized from reserves) of the entity.During the year, the Bank has transferred an amount of ' 7.24 Crore (Previous year ' 19.46 Crore) to Special Reserve. Thereis no drawdown from this reserve during FY 2024-25 and FY 2023-24.
The Bank has implemented the revised RBI norms for the classification, valuation and operation of investment portfolio,which became applicable from April 01, 2024. In accordance with the revised RBI norms and the Bank's Board approvedpolicy, the Bank has classified its investment portfolio as on April 01, 2024 under the categories of held to maturity (HTM),available for sale (AFS) and fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL) with held for trading (HFT) as a sub- category of FVTPL,and from that date, measures and values the investment portfolio under the revised framework.
Consequently, the Bank has accounted net transition valuation gain of ' 2.66 Crore (net of tax) in Revenue Reserve, resultinginto net positive impact on networth of the Bank on transition. The Bank has also transferred balance in Investment Reserveamounting to ' 4.08 Crore on the date of the transition to Revenue Reserve in compliance with these directions.
During the Previous year FY 2023-24, in accordance with Reserve Bank of India guidelines, reversal of excess depreciation onInvestments to the profit and loss account, net off taxes and transfer to Statutory reserve is transferred to investment reserve.The total amount required to be transferred to the investment reserve in FY 2023-24 is ' 1.78 Crore.
During the FY 2024-25, the bank has apportioned ' 20.00 Crore (Previous year: ' 127.50 Crore) to Investment FluctuationReserve, based on the value of investments in FVTPL (including HFT) and AFS category, to protect against future increase inyield, in accordance with RBI guidelines.
The Board of Directors at their meeting held on April 30, 2025 has not recommended any dividend for the Financial Year2024-25.
During the year, the Bank paid a dividend of ' 1.00 per equity share amounting to ' 113.67 Crore pertaining to the yearended March 31, 2024, which has been considered as an appropriation from the Profit and Loss Account during the year.
The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) is a global minimum standard for Bank liquidity. It aims to ensure that a Bank has a adequatestock of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) that can be converted into cash immediately to meet its liquidity needsfor a 30 calendar day time horizon under stress scenario.
The LCR is calculated by dividing the amount of high quality liquid unencumbered assets (HQLA) by the estimated net outflows over30 calendar day period. The net cash outflows are calculated by applying RBI prescribed outflow factors to the various categoriesof liabilities (deposits, unsecured and secured wholesale borrowings), as well as to undrawn commitments and derivatives-relatedexposures, after netting for cash inflows from assets maturing within 30 days.
Liquidity management of the Bank is undertaken by the Treasury department under the supervision of the Asset LiabilityManagement Committee (ALCO) in accordance with the Board approved policies and ALCO approved funding plans.
The mandated regulatory threshold with appropriate cushion to ensure maintenance of adequate liquidity buffers is as per theBoard approved ALM policy of the Bank. Risk Management Department computes the LCR and monitors the same as per theoperating guidelines for small finance banks. The Bank has been submitting LCR reports to RBI since December 2016.
Currently, the Liquidity Coverage Ratio is significantly higher than minimum regulatory threshold. As a part of its liquiditymanagement strategy, the Bank invests in Level I assets thus ensuring comfortable level of HQLA at all times to address any kindof liquidity stress. The Bank follows the criteria laid down by the RBI for the calculation of High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA), grossoutflows and inflows within the next 30-days period. HQLA predominantly comprises of Government securities viz. Treasury Bills,Central and State Government securities.
The Bank is primarily funded through long term borrowings viz. Refinances & Customer Deposits. The Risk ManagementDepartment measures and monitors the liquidity profile of the Bank with reference to the Board approved limits on a static aswell as on a dynamic basis supplemented by monitoring of key liquidity parameters. The Bank assesses the impact on short termliquidity covering business projections under normal as well as varying market conditions. The LCR reports along with projectionsare placed before the Bank's ALCO for periodic review and guidance of the committee.
The objective of NSFR is to ensure that the Bank maintains a stable funding profile in relation to the composition of its assets andoff-balance sheet activities. A sustainable funding structure is intended to reduce the probability of erosion of the Bank's liquidityposition due to disruptions in the Bank's regular sources of funding that would increase the risk of its failure and potentially leadto broader systemic stress. The NSFR limits the Bank's overreliance on short-term wholesale funding, thus encouraging betterassessment of funding risk across all on- and off-balance sheet items while promoting funding stability.
The NSFR is defined as the amount of available stable funding relative to the amount of required stable funding. "Available stablefunding" (ASF) is defined as the portion of capital and liabilities expected to be reliable over the time horizon considered by theNSFR, which extends to one year. The amount of stable funding required ("Required stable funding") (RSF) of a Bank is a functionof the liquidity characteristics and residual maturities of its on-and off balance sheet exposures.
Liquidity management of the Bank is undertaken by the Treasury department under the supervision of the Asset Liability ManagementCommittee (ALCO) in accordance with the Board approved policies and ALCO approved funding plans. The mandated regulatorythreshold with appropriate cushion to ensure maintenance of adequate liquidity buffers is as per the Board approved ALM policyof the Bank. Risk Management Department computes the NSFR and monitors the same as per the operating guidelines for smallfinance banks. The Bank has been submitting NSFR reports to RBI since December 2021. Currently, the Net Stable Funding Ratiois at a comfortable level well above the prescribed regulatory limit of 100%. The NSFR reports are placed before the Bank's ALCOfor periodic review and guidance of the committee.
In accordance with the RBI guidelines, Banks are required to make consolidated pillar III and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)disclosures under the Basel III Framework. These disclosures are available on the Bank's website at the following link: https://ir.equitasbank.com/reports-and-presentations/. These disclosures are not subjected to audit by the Statutory auditors of the Bank.
**Personal loans includes Housing Loans, Loan Against Property and Loan Against Gold
The Bank has compiled and furnished the data for the purpose of this disclosure from its internal MIS system/reports.
The Bank does not have any overseas branches and hence the disclosure regarding overseas assets, NPAs and revenue is notapplicable (Previous Year: Nil).
The Bank has not done any restructuring of advances under "Prudential Framework for Resolution of Stressed Assets" issuedvide circular DBR.No.BPBC.45/21.04.048/2018-19 dated June 7, 2019.
No disclosure on divergence in asset classification and provisioning for NPAs is required with respect to RBI's supervisoryprocess for the year ended 31st March 2025 and 31st March 2024, based on the conditions mentioned in RBI circular No.DOR. ACC.REC.No.74/21.04.018/2022-23 dated 11th October 2022.
Exposure represents the higher of the sanctioned or outstanding to Real estate sector.
"Includes exposure to Home Loans as well as Loan Against Property (incl Residential mortgages), other than those classified underCRE-RH; inclusive of IBPC exposure as on March 31, 2025: "Nil" (Previous year: ' 500 crore)
**Commercial Real estate exposure classification is based on RBI circular DBOD.BP.BC.No. 42/08.12.015/2009-10 dated September9, 2009 and includes. a) Exposure to Real Estate Builders/ Developers and b) Exposures where the primary source of cash flow,i.e. more than 50% of cash flows, for repayment/recovery is from lease or rental payments and such assets are taken as security.
$Indirect exposure includes a) Non-SLR investment in HFCs & b) Loan to HFCs
#Priority sector loans excludes Securitized assets, if any, and IBPC and PSLCs
During the year ended March 31, 2025, RBI has imposed penalty of ' 65 lakhs on the Bank for non-compliance as under:
a) The Bank levied foreclosure charges in 479 floating rate term loans sanctioned to individual borrowers for purposesother than business in non-compliance with RBI Directions on prohibiting levy of Foreclosure Charges/Pre-paymentPenalty on Floating Rate Term Loans to individuals for non-business purposes and
b) The Bank obtained collateral security for 2,027 agricultural loans upto ' 1.6 lakhs in non-compliance with RBI Circular on'Credit Flow to Agriculture - Collateral free agricultural loans' prohibiting Banks from obtaining collateral for agriculturalloans upto '1.6 lakhs.
(Previous year: Nil)
The Nomination and Remuneration Committee is chaired by an Independent Director and comprises of four (4) otherIndependent Directors. The functions of the committee include: recommendation of appointment of Directors tothe Board, evaluation of performance of the Directors, approval of the policy for remuneration payable to Directors,employees, including senior management and key management personnel, framing guidelines for the Employee StockOption Scheme (ESOP Scheme) and deciding on the grant of stock options to the employees and Whole Time Director/sof the Bank.
Remuneration Policy of the Bank covers remuneration payable for directors and employees of the Bank and all aspectsof the compensation structure such as fixed pay, perquisites, bonus, guaranteed pay, severance package, stock, pensionplan and gratuity.
The Bank believes in a sound compensation practice that ensures effective governance of compensation, alignment ofcompensation with prudent risk taking and effective supervisory oversight and stakeholder engagement. This policy isframed in accordance with the guidelines laid down by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) vide their Circular Reference no DOR.Appt. BC. No. 23/ 29.67.001/ 2019-20 dated November 4, 2019
The remuneration payable to Managing Director ("MD")/Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Executive Director ("ED")shall be based on the scope and responsibility that goes with such positions, shall be comparable to the compensationof similar profiles in similar organizations and would be performance linked. From time to time, the NRC may fix amaximum ceiling on the fixed/variable component of compensation, subject to the approval of Reserve Bank of Indiaand shareholders.
The Non-Executive Directors ("NED") including Independent Directors of the Bank shall be paid remuneration as apercentage of the net profits of the Bank for the financial year as may be fixed by the Board from time to time,calculated as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and subject to the limits fixed by the Reserve Bank of India,from time to time.
Further, within the above ceiling, the remuneration payable to the Chairman of the Board shall be two times the amountpayable to other Non-Executive Directors and Independent Directors and further subject to approval of RBI and theremuneration payable to the Chairman of the Audit Committee shall be 1.5 times the amount payable to other Non¬Executive Directors and Independent Directors.
NEDs are to be paid sitting fee for each meeting of the Board/ Committees of the Board attended by them, as maybe approved by the Board pursuant to provisions of Section 197 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Section 35B(1) of the Banking Regulation Act 1949. NEDs including Independent Directors shall be reimbursed any out of pocketexpenses incurred by them while performing duties for the Bank.
For the other categories of staff, the compensation is structured taking into account all relevant factors such as the levelof the position, roles and responsibilities and the prevailing compensation structure in the industry for the similar role.
The Board of Directors through the Nomination and Remuneration Committee ("NRC") is responsible for formulatingand making the necessary amendments to the Remuneration Policy for the Directors, Key Managerial Persons ("KMP")and Senior Executives of the Bank from time to time. The NRC considers different aspects like risk-return alignment, costto income ratio and the like in framing the remuneration policy and practice.
Performance parameters specified for the MD/ CEO also includes risk and control considerations such as Asset quality,implementation of guidelines on Compliance Risk Assessment, reviewing and enhancing controls of the operating riskprocesses of the Bank, enhancing the efficacy of the process & Quality Assurance Department.
The variable remuneration payable to MD/CEO & other Material Risk Takers are subject to malus and clawback clausesto address issues such as losses in subsequent years due to acts in a given performance year, gross negligence, seriouslapses in credit underwriting process, serious violations in AML/KYC, frauds and misconducts.
Further, the KRA's for Senior Executives of the Bank are clearly defined with adequate weightage given to Risk,Compliance, Credit & Asset Quality to ensure risks are assessed and mitigated. KRA's of Executives working in controlfunctions like Risk & Compliance are defined independently and no weightage is given for achievement of businessparameters/ targets to ensure independent evaluation.
The Bank follows Annual Performance Review (12 months period) to link performance. Remuneration is fixed based onthe grade and merit rating for all the employees. Individual performances are assessed in line with business or deliveriesof the Key Result Areas (KRA), top priorities of business, budgets, risk alignment etc. The Performance Appraisal systemassigns a rating based on the achievement or otherwise of the KRAs. The change in remuneration is largely dependenton the rating assigned.
The Bank has ensured the remuneration for Material Risk Takers in line with the RBI circular dated November 4, 2019.Accordingly, the variable pay of identified MRTs is determined between 100% to 300% of fixed pay. This variablepay is further divided into cash and ESOPs. Both the cash and ESOPs of the said MRTs is to be deferred over a periodof three year in line with the risk taken and as per relevant RBI approval received from time to time. Each such MRThas performance measures aligned to risk measures and the vesting of variable pay is also pro-rated till the end of thedeferral period.
Employees of the Bank are eligible for variable pay in terms of both cash and ESOPs. At field level the variable pay islinked to defined performance targets. Other roles may be given variable pay based on their performance ratings. Thevariable pay amount varies depending on both the role of the individual as well as his/her performance levels. For SeniorExecutives of the Bank due consideration is also given to the overall performance of the Bank & respective Division/Function apart from individual performance ratings.
Employees above defined grade are eligible for Employee Stock Options issued by the Bank as determined by theNomination and Remuneration Committee of the Bank. These options are granted annually based on performanceratings and role of the individual. Junior employees in cases of consistent exemplary performance are also grantedoptions being part of High Achievers Club.
I n very select instances, employees are offered options over a four year period, with a quarter of the options vestingevery year. The vesting of the options are dependent on continuity and performance of the said individual.
A variable component may also be made available for specific employees as agreed and included as a part of theirrespective compensation structure. Variable pay for MRTs have been explained in (e) earlier.
As on the reporting date, the Bank does not have any form of variable remuneration other than as stated above. Thus,the various types of Variable Pay is aligned over both Short and Long term periods.
In January 2016, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the roadmap for implementation of new Indian Accounting Standards(Ind AS), converged with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), for scheduled commercial Banks, insurance companiesand non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). However, currently the implementation of Ind AS for Banks has been deferred byRBI till further notice pending the consideration of some recommended legislative amendments by the Government of India. TheBank is in an advanced stage of preparedness for implementation of Ind AS, as and when these are made applicable to the IndianBanks
As required by the RBI guidelines, the accounts of the Bank are converted into Ind AS format and submitted to the RBI at periodicintervals. The Bank carries out the Expected Loss provisioning using Probability of Default (PD) and Loss given Default (LGD) byconsidering historical data for the purpose of Ind AS pro-forma reporting and product pricing. The Bank has put in a place acomprehensive Expected Credit Loss Framework.
Claims against the Bank not acknowledged as debts includes liability on account of Service tax, Goods and Service Tax and IncomeTax. The Bank is a party to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business which are contested by the Bank and aretherefore subjudice. The Bank does not expect the outcome of these proceedings to have a material adverse impact on the Bank'sfinancial position.
As a part of Banking activities, the Bank issues Letter of Guarantees on behalf of its customers, with a view to augment thecustomer's credit standing. Through these instruments, the Bank undertakes to make payments for its customers obligationseither directly or in case the customer fails to fulfill their financial or performance obligations.
These include:
a) Capital commitments
b) Amount transferred to the RBI under the Depositor Education and Awareness Fund (DEAF)
c) Investment purchases pending settlement
d) Credit enhancements provided by the Bank towards securitisation
Dues to Micro and Small Enterprises have been determined to the extent such parties have been identified on the basis ofinformation collected by the Management. Based on the information available with the Bank, there are no overdue amountspayable to Micro and Small Enterprises as defined under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 asat the Balance Sheet date. Further, the Bank has not paid any interest to any Micro and Small Enterprises during the current andprevious year.
*Amount pertains to Provision for Leave encashment ' 41.51 Crore (Previous year: ' 28.21 Crore), Provision for Gratuity ' 3.91Crore (Previous year: ' 6.61 Crore) and Provision for Bonus and Others ' 7.96 Crore (Previous year: ' 7.29 Crore).
The Bank was following the intrinsic value method to account for its stock based employee compensation plans (Employees otherthan WTD/CEO/MRTs) and fair value method stock options using Black-Scholes model for all the options granted after March 31,2021 to WTD/CEO/MRTs as required under RBI circular.
The Bank, having regard to the RBI advisory, had changed the accounting policy from intrinsic value method to fair value methodfor all employee stock options granted after March 31, 2021 and consequently recognised fair value of options estimated usingBlack-Scholes model, as compensation expense over the vesting period.
As a result, the Bank had additionally provided ' 29.21 Crore on March 31,2024 as employee stock options expenses and includedunder operating expenses (employees cost).
During the year ended March 31, 2020, the bank established a employee stock option scheme titled ESFB Employees StockOption Scheme, 2019 (ESFB ESOP 2019) effective from November 22, 2019. Under the plan, the Bank was authorized to issueupto 11,00,00,000 options (including 3,34,87,873 options under Grant 1 issued as a replacement option for the Scheme underthe Holding Company) to eligible employees of the Bank and the erstwhile Holding Company. Each option entitles for apply andallotment of one fully paid share on payment of exercise price during the exercise period.
As on March 31, 2025, 2,77,90,401 (previous year 2,83,40,185) (net of forfeitures and cancellation) options were outstanding,which were granted at various exercise prices. The following are the outstanding options as on March 31, 2025.
Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a price has fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate during a period. The measure ofvolatility used in the Black -Scholes option pricing model is the annualized standard deviation of the continuously compoundedrates of return on the stock over a period of time.
Expected dividend yield has been calculated based on the dividend declared for 1 financial year prior to the date of grant. Thedividend yield has been derived by dividing the dividend per share by the market price per share on the date of grant.
Prior period comparatives have been reclassified/regrouped by the management, wherever necessary.
As per our report of even date
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No.: 009571N/N500006
Partner Part time Chairman and Managing Director and Executive Director
Membership No: 202363 Independent Director Chief Executive Officer DIN:08198456
Place: Chennai DIN:08537123 DIN:01550885 Place: Chennai
Date: April 30, 2025 Place: Chennai Place: Chennai Date: April 30, 2025
Date: April 30, 2025 Date: April 30, 2025
Chartered AccountantsFirm Registration No.: 004283S
Partner Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Membership No: 229694 M.No:28366
Place: Mumbai Place: Chennai Place: Chennai
Date: April 30, 2025 Date: April 30, 2025 Date: April 30, 2025