(b) Terms/ rights attached to equity shares

i) The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs.10 per share. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held .

ii) The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend.

iii) In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

(i) Securities premium

Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. It can be utilised only for limited purposes in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

(ii) Retained earnings

Retained earnings represents the surplus in profit and loss account and appropriations.

The Company recognises change on account of remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability/(asset) as part of retained earnings with separate disclosure, which comprises of:

> actuarial gains and losses

> return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability/(asset); and > any change in the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit

liability/(asset).

(iii) Reserve fund in terms of section 45-IC(1) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

Reserve fund is created as per the terms of section 45-IC(1) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 as a statutory reserve.

(iv) General reserve

Amounts set aside from retained profits as a reserve to be utilised for permissible general purpose as per Law.

Note 29: Employee Benefit obligations

(i) Post-employment obligations a) Gratuity

The Company operate a defined benefit plan viz. namely gratuity for its employees. Under the gratuity plan, every employee who has completed at least 5 years of service gets a gratuity on departure @ 15 days (minimum) of the last drawn salary for each year of service. The scheme is unfunded.

The following tables summarized the components of net benefit expense recognized in the statement of profit and loss, other comprehensive income, and the funded status and amount recognized in the balance sheet.

The Company's policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. Company is a Non Banking Financial Company categorised as "Non - systematically Important Non Deposit Taking Company". It adhers to all prudent norms to sustain its financial robustness.

The Company has adequate cash and bank balances. The company monitors its capital by a careful scrutiny of the cash and bank balances, and a regular assessment of any debt requirements.

The Company has identified 'Investing and lending', as its only primary reportable segment. The Board of Directors of the Company have been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) as defined under Ind AS 108. CODM reviews overall financial information of the Company together for performance evaluation and allocation of resources and does not review any discrete information to evaluate performance

In accordance with paragraph 4 of Ind AS 108 "Operating Segments" the Company has presented segment, information only in the Consolidated financial statements.

Note 33: Fair values

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price),regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using a valuation technique.In order to show how fair values have been derived, financial instruments are classified based on a hierarchy of valuation techniques.

Valuation framework

The Company's valuation framework includes:

(i) Benchmarking prices against observable market prices or other independent sources.

(ii) Development and validation of fair valuation models using model logic, inputs, outputs and adjustments.

These valuation models are subject to a process of due diligence and validation before they become operational and are continuously calibrated. These models are subject to approvals by various functions including risk, treasury and finance functions. Finance function is responsible for establishing procedures, governing valuation and ensuring fair values are in compliance with accounting standards.

Valuation methodologies adopted

1. The Company has not disclosed the fair values of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, bank balances,other than cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other financial assets, trade payables, Investment in equity instrument and Preference shares ofsubsidiary & associates and other financial liabilities because their carrying amounts are a reasonable approximation of fair value. Further, for financial assets, the Company has taken into consideration the allowances for expected credit losses and adjusted the carrying values where applicable.

2. The fair values of the quoted investments/ units of mutual fund schemes are based on market price/ net asset value at the reporting date.

3. The fair values for loans given are calculated based on discounted cash flows using current lending rates and individual credit worthiness of the counterparty. Based on this evaluation, allowances are taken to account for expected losses ofthese receivables. Accordingly, fair value ofsuch instruments are not materially different from their carrying values. They are classified as level 2 fair values in the fair value hierarchy.

4. Fair values of the Company's interest-bearing borrowings are determined by using discounted cash flow method using the current borrowing rates. Fair value of such instruments are not materially different from their carrying values, accordingly non-current borrowings are classified as level 2 fair values in the fair value hierarchy. The own non-performance risk as at March 31, 2025 was assessed to be insignificant.

Fair value hierarchy

The Company determines fair values of its financial instruments according to the following hierarchy:

Level 1: This hierarchy uses quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on Company specific estimates.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in Level 3.

Note 34: Financial Risk Management Risk Management

The Company's principal financial liabilities comprise borrowings and trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance and support the company's operations. The Company's principal financial assets include investments, cash and cash equivalents and other receivables that are derived directly from its operations. As an Non Banking Financial Company categorised as ”Non-Systematicalyy Important Non Deposit taking Company”, the Company is exposed to various risks that are related to Investment business and operating environment. The principal objective in Company's risk management processes is to measure and monitor the various risks that Company is subject to and to follow policies and procedures to address such risks.

The Company is exposed to market risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s senior management oversees the management of these risks. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below.

a) Market Risk

Market Risk is the risk that the fair value or the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market factor. Such changes in the values of financial instruments may result from changes in the interest rate, stock prices, liquidity, and other market changes. The objective of market risk management is to avoid excessive exposure of company’s earnings and equity to loss and reduce its exposure to the volatility inherent in financial instruments. The Company is exposed to Price risk under market risk as follows:

Price risk

The Company's securities investments carry a risk of change in prices arising from uncertainties about future values of the invested securities. To manage its price risk arising from investments in these securities, through diversification by periodically monitoring the sectors it has invested in, performance of the investee companies, measures mark- to- market gains/losses and reviews the same on a continuous basis.

The impact of increases/ decreases of the BSE/ NSE index on the Company’s equity shares and gain/ loss for the period would be as depicted in above table. The analysis is based on the assumption that the index has increased by 1% or decreased by 1% with all other variables held constant, and that all the Company’s investments having price risk moved in line with the index.

b) Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the entity may encounter in the form of difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The entity's approach towards managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the entity's reputation.

Prudent liquidity risk management requires sufficient cash and marketable securities and availability of funds through adequate committed credit facilities to meet obligations when due and to close out market positions.

The Company takes a view of maintaining liquidity with minimal risks while making investments. The Company invests its surplus funds in short term liquid assets in the form of bank deposits and liquid mutual funds. The Company monitors its cash and bank balances periodically with a view to meet its short term obligations associated with its financial liabilities.

The Company is primarily engaged in lending and investing activities. During the year the Company has generated revenue only from investing activities and hence it does not have revenue from contracts with customers.

Long term loans and advances includes Rs. 58 Lakhs being part payment made for purchase of property. As reported in earlier years, the company has filed a suit in the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai for specific performance of this agreement for purchase.

NOTE 38 - Other Statutory Information

Following are the additional disclosures required as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 vide Notification dated March 24, 2021

a. Details of Benami Property held:

There are no proceedings which have been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 and rules made thereunder.

b. Willful Defaulter:

The Company has not been declared as Willful Defaulter by any Bank or Financial Institution or other lender.

c. Compliance with number of layers of companies:

The Company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Act read with Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017.

d. Registration of charges and satisfaction of charges :

The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.

e. Utilisation of Borrowed funds and share premium:

(i) The Company have not advanced or given loan or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(ii) The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

f. Undisclosed Income

The Company does not have any transactions not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961). Also, there are NIL previously unrecorded income and related assets.

g. Details of Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency:

The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.

h. Capital work in progress (CWIP) and Intangible asset:

The Company does not have any CWIP and Intangible asset under development.

i. The Company has not revalued its Property, Plant and Equipment during the year as well as in previous year.

NOTE 39 - Corporate Social Responsibilities

The Company was required to spend Rs.28.35 lakhs in F.Y. 2024-25 towards Corporate Social Responsibility in accordance with the provision of Section 135 of Companies Act, 2013