Provisions are recognized when the Company has apresent obligation (legal or constructive) as a resultof a past event, it is probable that the Companywill be required to settle that obligation and areliable estimate can be made of the amount of theobligation. Provisions are determined by discountingthe expected future cash flows (representing thebest estimate of the expenditure required to settlethe present obligation at the reporting date) at a pre¬tax rate that reflects current market assessmentsof the time value of money and the risks specificto the liability, taking into account the risks anduncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where aprovision is measured using the cash flows estimatedto settle the present obligation, it carrying amountis the present value of those cash flows (when theeffect of the time value of money is material). Theunwinding of the discount is recognized as financecost. Expected future operating losses are notprovided for.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there isa possible obligation arising from past events,the existence of which will be confirmed only bythe occurrence or non-occurrence of one or moreuncertain future events not wholly within the controlof the Company or a present obligation that arisesfrom past events where it is either not probable thatan outflow of resources will be required to settle ora reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
Contingent assets are not recognized. A contingentasset is disclosed, as required by Ind AS 37, wherean inflow of economic benefits is probable.
The income tax expense for the period comprises of currentand deferred income tax. Income tax is recognized in thestatement of profit and loss, except to the extent that itrelates to items recognized in the other comprehensiveincome or directly in equity, in which case the relatedincome tax is also recognized accordingly.
Current income tax for the current and prior periodsare measured at the amount expected to berecovered from or paid to the taxation authoritiesbased on the taxable income for the period.
The tax rates and tax laws used to compute thecurrent tax amounts are those that are enacted orsubstantively enacted as at the reporting date andapplicable for the period.
While determining the tax provisions, the Companyassesses whether each uncertain tax position isto be considered separately or together with oneor more uncertain tax positions depending uponthe nature and circumstances of each uncertaintax position. The provisions are measured at thebest estimate of the amount expected to becomepayable. The assessment is based on the judgementof tax professionals within the Company supportedby previous experience in respect of such activitiesand in certain cases based on specialist independenttax advice.
The Company offsets current tax assets and currenttax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceableright to set off the recognized amounts and whereit intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realizethe asset and liability simultaneously.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognizedfor the future tax consequences of temporarydifferences between the carrying values of assetsand liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are notrecognized if the temporary difference arises fromthe initial recognition of assets and liabilities in atransaction that affects neither the taxable profitnor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured atthe tax rates that are expected to apply in the periodin which the liability is settled or the asset realized,based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have beenenacted or substantively enacted by the end of thereporting period. The measurement of deferred taxliabilities and assets reflects the tax consequencethat would follow from the manner in which theCompany expects, at the end of the reporting period,to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assetsand liabilities.
Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extentthat it is probable that future taxable incomewill be available against which the deductibletemporary difference could be utilized. The Companyrecognizes a deferred tax asset only to the extentthat it has sufficient taxable temporary differencesor there is convincing other evidence that sufficienttaxable profit will be available against which suchdeferred tax asset can be realized. Deferred taxassets - unrecognized or recognized, are reviewedat each reporting date and are recognized/ reducedto the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable
respectively that the related tax benefit willbe realized.
The Company offsets deferred tax assets anddeferred tax liabilities if it has a legally enforceableright and these relate to the same taxable entity andlevied by the same governing taxation laws.
Based on nature of product /activities of the Companyand normal time between acquisition of assets and theirrealization in cash or cash equivalents, the Companyhas determined its operating cycle as 12 months for thepurpose of classification of its assets and liabilities ascurrent and non-current.
The functional currency and presentation currency ofthe Company is Indian Rupee. Functional currency ofthe Company has been determined based on the primaryeconomic environment in which the Company operatesconsidering the currency in which funds are generated,spent and retained.
Transactions in currencies other than the Company'sfunctional currency are recorded on initial recognitionusing the exchange rate at the transaction date.
At each reporting date, foreign currency monetary itemsare reported at the prevailing closing spot rate. Exchangedifferences that arise on settlement of monetary itemsor on reporting of monetary items at each reporting dateat the closing spot rate are recognized in the Statementof Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measuredat fair value in a foreign currency are translated into
the functional currency at the exchange rate when thefair value was determined. Non-monetary assets andliabilities that are measured based on historical cost in aforeign currency are translated at the exchange rate atthe date of the transaction and are not retranslated ateach reporting date.
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing thenet profit or loss for the period attributable to equityshareholders by the weighted average number of equityshares outstanding during the period. The weightedaverage number of equity shares outstanding during theperiod and for all periods presented is adjusted for events,such as bonus shares, sub-division of shares etc. thathave changed the number of equity shares outstanding,without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share,the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equityshareholders and the weighted average number of sharesoutstanding during the period are adjusted for the effectsof all potential equity shares except where the results areanti-dilutive.
Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits withbanks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (withan original maturity of three months or less from the dateof acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readilyconvertible into known amounts of cash and which aresubject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
2. For AY 2018-19 a new demand was generated in this period based on a new ground, the assessment for which was completedu/s 147 r.w.s 143(3) of IT act, this has been challenged before Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeal) and the same is pendingwith the department
3. For AY 2019-20 the company had filed ithe revised return and paid the required amount and the demand was closed, the casewas again reopened, the company had made the requested submission. The assessment u/s 147 r.w.s 143(3) was completedand the appeal was filed in FY 2024-25 with CIT (A) againnst the order u/s 147 r.w.s. 143(3) of the IT Act 1961, which is pendingwith the department.
4. For AY 2020-21 Scrutiny notice received by the company which created a demand to be payable by the company, the companyhad filed rectification letter twice the demand got reduced to the maximum extent but still some amount is pending.
5. For AY 2009-10 Demand was paid on 22.11.2022. Demand is cancelled by department but Interest u/s 220(2) is still shownin the ITBA portal
6. Some short deduction of TDS were appearing in the portal, during this period the had company identified and rectified theissue. Now a negligible figure appearing in the portal.
(i| Gratuity
The Company's liabilities under the Payment of Gratuity Act,1972 are determined on the basis ofactuarial valuation made at the end of each reporting period using the projected unit credit method.The gratuity benefit is provided through unfunded plan and annual contributions are charged to the statement ofprofit and loss. Under the scheme, the settlement obligation remains with the Company. Company accounts for theliability for future gratuity benefits based on an actuarial valuation. The net present value of the Company's obligationtowards the same is actuarially determined based on the projected unit credit method as at the Balance Sheet date.The defined benefit plans expose the Company to risks such as actuarial risk, liquidity risk, market risk, legislative risk.These are discussed as follows:
Calculating Defined benefit obligation, by using Projected Unit Credit Method, requires an actuary to make a lot of assumptions,based on current market scenarios. The basis of different assumptions used while calculating the defined benefit obligationis as follows :-
Discount rate - Discount rate has been determined by reference to market yields on Government bonds of term consistentwith estimated term of obligations.
Mortality / disability - If the actual mortality rate in the future turns out to be more or less than expected then it may resultin increase / decrease in the liability.
Employee turnover / withdrawal rate - If the actual withdrawal rate in the future turns out to be more or less than expectedthen it may result in increase / decrease in the liability.
Salary escalation rate - More or less than expected increase in the future salary levels may result in increase / decreasein the liability.
The following is the hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique:
• Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly(i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
• Level 3 - inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
The above table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value,grouped into Level 1 to Level 3, as described below.
Quoted prices in an active market (Level 1): This level of hierarchy includes financial assets that are measured by reference toquoted prices (adjusted/unadjusted) for identical assets. This category consists of quoted equity shares, mutual fund units.
Valuation techniques with observable inputs (Level 2): This level of hierarchy includes financial assets, measured using inputsother than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly (i.e.; as prices) or indirectly(i.e.; derived from prices). Thiscategory includes venture fund units and security receipts.
Valuation techniques with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): This level of hierarchy includes financial assets measuredusing inputs that are not based on observable market data. Fair values are determined in whole or in part, using a valuationmodel based on assumptions that are neither supported by prices from observable current market transactions in the sameinstrument nor are they based on available market data. This category includes unlisted equity shares, preference shares anddebentures.
There has been no transfer between level 1, level 2 and level 3 for the period/year ended 31 March 2025, 31 March 2024
The carrying amounts of trade receivables, trade payables and cash and cash equivalents are considered to be the same astheir fair values, due to their short-term nature.
The fair value of Loan approximates the carrying amount.
For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value, the carrying amounts approximates the fair values.
The Company's activities expose it to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. The Company's overall risk management programfocuses on robust liquidity management as well as monitoring of various relevant market variables, thereby consistentlyseeking to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company's financial performance. Management has not formed formal riskmanagement policies, however, the risks are monitored by management by analyzing exposures by degree and magnitude of riskon a continued basis. This note explains the sources of risk which the Company is exposed to and how the Company managesthe risk and the related impact in the financial statements.
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes inmarket prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risk, such as equityprice risk and commodity risk.
The Company have majority of the borrowings under fixed Rate of Interest,So The Interest Rate Risk is at very lower side.
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because ofchanges in foreign exchange rates. The company's mainly transacting in INR and hence the company is not exposed to anyforeign currency risk.
Credit impaired (stage 3)
The Company recognises a financial asset to be credit impaired and in stage 3 by considering relevant objective evidence,primarily whether:
• Contractual payments of principal and/or interest are past due for more than 90 days;
• The loan is otherwise considered to be in default. Loan accounts where principal and/or interest are past due for morethan 90 days along with all other loans of such customer, continue to be classified as stage 3, till overdue across allloan accounts are cleared.
An assessment of whether credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition is performed at each reportingperiod by considering the change in the risk of default of the loan exposure. However, unless identified at an earlier stage,any overdue of more than 30 day past due and up to 90 days past due as on the reporting date is considered as an indicationof financial assets to have suffered a significant increase in credit risk.
The measurement of risk of defaults under stage 2 is computed on homogenous portfolios, generally by tenors, underlyingcollateral, source of income etc. The default risk is assessed using PD (probability of default) derived from past behaviouraltrends of default across the identified homogenous portfolios. These past trends factor in the past customer behaviouraltrends, credit transition probabilities.
Without significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition (stage 1)
ECL resulting from default events that are possible in the next 12 months are recognised for financial assets in stage 1.The Company has ascertained default possibilities on past behavioural trends witnessed for each homogenous portfoliousing behavioural analysis and other performance indicators, determined statistically.
The estimation of credit exposure for risk management purposes is complex, as the exposure varies with changes in marketconditions, expected cash flows and the passage of time. The assessment of credit risk of a portfolio of assets entailsfurther estimations as to the likelihood of defaults occurring and of the associated loss ratios. The Company measures creditrisk for each class of loan assets using inputs such as Probability of Default ("PD") and Loss Given Default ("LGD").
The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with the IND AS framework.
As per the RBI notification on acceptance of IND AS for regulatory reporting, the Company computes provision as per INDAS 109 as well as per extent prudential norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning (IRACP). Whereimpairment allowance in aggregate for the Company under Ind AS 109 is lower than the provisioning required under IRACP(Including standard asset provisioning) for the Company, the difference is appropriated from net profit or loss after tax toa separate 'Impairment Reserve'. Any withdrawals from this reserve shall be done only with prior permission from the RBI.
ECL allowances recognised in the financial statements reflect the effect of a range of possible economic outcomes,calculated on a probability weighted basis, based on certain economic scenarios. The recognition and measurement ofECL involves use of significant judgement and estimation. Forward looking economic forecasts are used in developingthe ECL estimates. Three scenarios sufficient to calculate unbiased ECL were used - representing the "Base case" (the"Central" scenario) and two "Worst case" scenarios (the "Downside" scenario) and three "Best case' (the "Upside" scenario).Probability weights are assigned to each scenario. The Central scenario is based on the Company outlook of GDP growth,inflation, unemployment and interest rates for India and most relevant for the Company's loan portfolio. The Upside andDownside scenarios generated at the reporting dates are designed to cover cyclical changes and are updated during theyear only if the economic conditions change significantly.
I n case where the estimate based on ECL model does not appropriately capture the stress in the portfolio given the lageffect between the actual stress and its impact on ECL computation, the management estimates an additional provisionover and above the estimate based on the model and computation methodology stated above. This additional provision isreferred to as management overlay.
Other financial assets mainly includes deposit and advances given, and receivables from recovery agents. Loans, beinga primary part of our operations, represent vehicle loans given to various parties for purchasing motor vehicles. Based onassessment carried by the Company, entire receivable under this category is classified as "Stage 1". There is no history ofloss and credit risk and the amount of provision for expected credit losses on other financial assets is negligible.
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Companymanages its liquidity risk by ensuring, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilitieswhen due.The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowingfacilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financialassets and liabilities.
Land is in the name of Theme Infotech Pvt Ltd which is related party and on that Building was developed and on that landwe are paying rent which is considered Lease under Ind AS 116.
8. There are no transactions with the Struck off Companies under Section 248 or 560 of the Companies, Act 2013.
9. The Company being an non-banking finance company, as part of its normal business, grants loans and advances to itscustomers, other entities and persons ensuring adherence to all regulatory requirements. Further, the company has alsoborrowed funds from banks, financial institutions in compliance with regulatory requirements in the ordinary course ofbusiness.
Other than the transactions described above, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowedfunds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other persons or entities, includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries") with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediaryshall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries). The Company has also notreceived any fund from any parties (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly orindirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries")or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
10. The Company has regrouped, reclassified and restated previous year figures to confirm to this year's presentation.
48.1 The Company has borrowings from banks and financial institutions on the basis of security of current assets and thequarterly returns filed by the Company with the banks and financial institutions are in accordance with the unaudited booksof accounts of the Company for the respective
48.2 The Company has taken borrowings from banks and financial institutions and utilised them for the specific purpose forwhich they were taken as at the Balance sheet date. Unutilised funds are held by the Company in the form of debt mutualfunds and short term fixed deposits till the time the utilisation is made subsequently.
48.3 Details of Benami Property held:
No proceedings have been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any benami property under the BenamiTransactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 and rules made thereunder, as at 31 March 2025
48.4 Wilful Defaulter:
The Company is not a declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial Institution or other lender, in accordance with theguidelines on wilful defaulters issued by the Reserve Bank of India, during the year ended 31 March 2025
48.5 Undisclosed Income:
There have been no transactions which have not been recorded in the books of accounts, that have been surrendered ordisclosed as income during the year ended 31 March 2025, in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961. Therehave been no unrecorded income and related assets which were to be properly recorded in the books of account duringthe year ended 31 March 2025
48.6 Details of Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency:
The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the year ended 31 March 2025
48.7 Title Deeds of Immovable Properties not held in the name of the Company:
The Company does not hold any immovable property as at 31 March 2025. All the lease agreements are duly executed infavour of the Parent Company for properties where the Parent Company is the lessee.
48.8 Revaluation of Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets 1
There is no revaluation of Property, plant and equipment and other intangible assets during the year ended 31 March 2025.
48.9 Ultimate Beneficiary
No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowedfunds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ('Intermediaries'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediariesshall, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf ofthe Company ('Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been received by the Company from any person(s)or entity(ies), including foreign entities ('Funding Parties'), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise,that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the funding party ('Ultimate Beneficiaries') or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of theultimate beneficiaries.
48.10 Utilisation of Borrowed funds and share premium:
As a part of normal lending business, the Company grants loans and advances on the basis of security/ guarantee providedby the Borrower/ co-borrower and makes investments. These transactions are part of Company normal non-banking financebusiness, which is conducted ensuring adherence to all regulatory requirements.
As per our report of even date For and on bahalf of the Board of Director of
For Vonus Shah & Associates LLP Manba Finance Limited
Chartered Accountants CIN : L65923MH1996PLC099938
Firm registration number - 120878W/W101094
Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-
Venus B. Shah Manish K. Shah Monil M. Shah
Partner Managing Director Director
Membership No. - 109140 DIN -00979854 DIN -07054772
Sd/- Sd/-
UDIN - 25109140BMOQUI1173 Jay K. Mota Bhavisha A. Jain
Place - Mumbai Director & CFO Company Secretary
Date - 22.05.2025 DIN -03105256