We have audited the standalone financial statements of TataConsultancy Services Limited (the "Company") which comprisethe standalone balance sheet as at 31 March 2025, and thestandalone statement of profit and loss (including othercomprehensive income), standalone statement of changes inequity and standalone statement of cash flows for the yearthen ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements,including material accounting policies and other explanatoryinformation.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and accordingto the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financiastatements give the information required by the CompaniesAct, 2013 ("Act") in the manner so required and give a true andfair view in conformity with the accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at31 March 2025, and its profit and other comprehensive income,changes in equity and its cash flows for the year ended on thatdate.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standardson Auditing (SAs) specified under Section 143(10) of the Act.
Our responsibilities under those SAs are further described inthe Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the StandaloneFinancial Statements section of our report. We are independentof the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issuedby the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together withthe ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of thestandalone financial statements under the provisions of the Actand the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethicalresponsibilities in accordance with these requirements and theCode of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we haveobtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for ouropinion on the standalone financial statements.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalonefinancial statements of the current period. These matters wereaddressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financialstatements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, andwe do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Revenue recognition-Fixed price contracts where revenue is recognised using percentage of completion method
Refer Note 4(a) and 10 to standalone financial statements
The key audit matter
How the matter was addressed in our audit
The Company inter alia engages in Fixed-price contracts, wherein,revenue is recognised using the percentage of completioncomputed as per the input method based on the Company'sestimate of contract costs.
We identified revenue recognition of fixed price contracts wherethe percentage of completion is used as a key audit matter since-
• there is an inherent risk and presumed fraud risk around theaccuracy and existence of revenues recognised consideringthe customised and complex nature of these contracts andsignificant inputs of IT systems;
• application of revenue recognition using percentage ofcompletion under accounting standard (Ind AS 115, Revenuefrom Contracts with customers) is complex and involvesestimating the future cost-to-completion of these contracts,which is used to measure the stage of completion of therelevant performance obligation;
• these contracts may involve onerous obligations whichrequires critical assessment of foreseeable losses to be madeby the Company; and
• at year-end, significant amount of contract assets, unearnedand deferred revenue balances related to these contracts arerecognised on the balance sheet.
Our audit procedures included the following:
• Obtained an understanding of the systems, processes andcontrols implemented by the Company for recording andcomputing revenue and the associated contract assets,unearned and deferred revenue balances.
• Involved our Information technology ('IT') specialists, asrequired and assessed the IT environment in which thebusiness systems operate.
• Evaluated the design and implementation and testedoperating effectiveness of Company's key manual andautomated internal financial controls over:
> Computation of revenue recognition;
> Cost and revenue reports generated by the system;
> Allocation of resources and budgeting systems whichprevent the unauthorised recording/changes to costsincurred; and
> Estimation of contract costs required to complete therespective projects.
• On specific and statistically selected samples of contracts,we tested that the revenue recognised is in accordance withthe revenue recognition accounting standard. This includestesting the Company's computation of the estimation ofcontract costs and onerous obligations, if any, where we:
> assessed that the estimates of costs to complete werereviewed and approved by appropriate designatedmanagement personnel;
> performed a retrospective analysis of costs incurredwith estimated costs to identify significant variationsand challenged whether those variations are requiredto be considered in estimating the remaining costs tocomplete the contract;
> assessed the appropriateness of contract assets,unearned and deferred revenue on balance sheet dateby evaluating the progress of underlying contracts andmilestones achieved to identify possible changes inestimated costs to complete the remaining performanceobligations; and
> inspected underlying documents and performedsubstantive procedures over cost budget changes todetermine reasonableness of contract costs.
• Tested details of a sample of journal entries related torevenue recognised from percentage of completion methodthroughout the reporting period, using risk-based criteria,with the relevant underlying documentation.
• Assessed the appropriateness of the related disclosures in thestandalone financial statements.
The Company's Management and Board of Directors areresponsible for the other information. The other informationcomprises the information included in the Company's annualreport, but does not include the financial statements and auditor'sreport thereon. The Company's annual report is expected to bemade available to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does notcover the other information and we will not express any form ofassurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financialstatements, our responsibility is to read the other informationidentified above when it becomes available and, in doing so,consider whether the other information is materially inconsistentwith the standalone financial statements or our knowledgeobtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materiallymisstated.
When we read the Company's annual report, if we concludethat there is a material misstatement therein, we are required tocommunicate the matter to those charged with governance andtake necessary actions, as applicable under the relevant laws andregulations.
The Company's Management and Board of Directors areresponsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Actwith respect to the preparation of these standalone financialstatements that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs,profit/ loss and other comprehensive income, changes inequity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with theaccounting principles generally accepted in India, including theIndian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section133 of the Act. This responsibility also includes maintenance ofadequate accounting records in accordance with the provisionsof the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company and forpreventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selectionand application of appropriate accounting policies; makingjudgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; anddesign, implementation and maintenance of adequate internalfinancial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring theaccuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevantto the preparation and presentation of the standalone financialstatements that give a true and fair view and are free frommaterial misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, theManagement and Board of Directors are responsible for assessingthe Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing,as applicable, matters related to going concern and using thegoing concern basis of accounting unless the Board of Directorseither intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, orhas no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing theCompany's financial reporting process.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whetherthe standalone financial statements as a whole are free frommaterial misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and toissue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonableassurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee thatan audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect amaterial misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arisefrom fraud or error and are considered material if, individually orin the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influencethe economic decisions of users taken on the basis of thesestandalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professional skepticismthroughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of thestandalone financial statements, whether due to fraud orerror, design and perform audit procedures responsive tothose risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk ofnot detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud ishigher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involvecollusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations,or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant tothe audit in order to design audit procedures that areappropriate in the circumstances. Under Section 143(3)(i) ofthe Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinionon whether the company has adequate internal financialcontrols with reference to financial statements in place andthe operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies usedand the reasonableness of accounting estimates andrelated disclosures made by the Management and Board ofDirectors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Managementand Board of Directors use of the going concern basis ofaccounting in preparation of standalone financial statementsand, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether amaterial uncertainty exists related to events or conditionsthat may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability tocontinue as a going concern. If we conclude that a materialuncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in ourauditor's report to the related disclosures in the standalonefinancial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate,to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on theaudit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor'sreport. However, future events or conditions may cause theCompany to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and contentof the standalone financial statements, including thedisclosures, and whether the standalone financial statementsrepresent the underlying transactions and events in amanner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding,among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the auditand significant audit findings, including any significant deficienciesin internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statementthat we have complied with relevant ethical requirementsregarding independence, and to communicate with them allrelationships and other matters that may reasonably be thoughtto bear on our independence, and where applicable, relatedsafeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were of mostsignificance in the audit of the standalone financial statementsof the current period and are therefore the key audit matters.
We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law orregulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when,in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a mattershould not be communicated in our report because the adverseconsequences of doing so would reasonably be expected tooutweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order,
2020 ("the Order") issued by the Central Government ofIndia in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give inthe "Annexure A" a statement on the matters specified inparagraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2. A. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as requiredby law have been kept by the Company so far as
it appears from our examination of those booksexcept for the matter stated in the paragraph 2(B)
(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of theCompanies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
c. The standalone balance sheet, the standalonestatement of profit and loss (including othercomprehensive income), the standalone statementof changes in equity and the standalone statementof cash flows dealt with by this Report are inagreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financialstatements comply with the Ind AS specified underSection 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors as on 1 April 2025to 8 April 2025 taken on record by the Board ofDirectors, none of the directors is disqualified as on31 March 2025 from being appointed as a directorin terms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
f. The modifications relating to the maintenance ofaccounts and other matters connected therewithare as stated in the paragraph 2A(b) above onreporting under Section 143(3)(b) of the Act andparagraph 2B(f) below on reporting under Rule11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules,2014.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internalfinancial controls with reference to standalonefinancial statements of the Company and theoperating effectiveness of such controls, refer toour separate Report in "Annexure B".
B. With respect to the other matters to be included inthe Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 ofthe Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, inour opinion and to the best of our information andaccording to the explanations given to us:
a. The Company has disclosed the impact of pendinglitigations as at 31 March 2025 on its financialposition in its standalone financial statements-Refer income tax liabilities disclosed in the balancesheet along with Note 19 to the standalonefinancial statements.
b. The Company did not have any long-term contractsincluding derivative contracts for which there wereany material foreseeable losses.
c. There has been no delay in transferring amounts,required to be transferred, to the InvestorEducation and Protection Fund by the Company.
d. (i) The management has represented that, to the
best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosedin the Note 21 to the standalone financialstatements, no funds have been advancedor loaned or invested (either from borrowedfunds or share premium or any other sourcesor kind of funds) by the Company to or inany other person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries"), with theunderstanding, whether recorded in writing orotherwise, that the Intermediary shall directlyor indirectly lend or invest in other persons orentities identified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Company ("UltimateBeneficiaries") or provide any guarantee,security or the like on behalf of the UltimateBeneficiaries.
(ii) The management has represented that, to thebest of its knowledge and belief, as disclosedin the Note 21 to the standalone financialstatements, no funds have been receivedby the Company from any person(s) orentity(ies), including foreign entities ("FundingParties"), with the understanding, whetherrecorded in writing or otherwise, that the
Company shall directly or indirectly, lend orinvest in other persons or entities identified inany manner whatsoever by or on behalf of theFunding Parties ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") orprovide any guarantee, security or the like onbehalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures that have beenconsidered reasonable and appropriate inthe circumstances, nothing has come to ournotice that has caused us to believe that therepresentations under sub-clause (i) and (ii)of Rule 11(e), as provided under (i) and (ii)above, contain any material misstatement.
e. The interim dividend declared and paid by theCompany during the year and until the date of thisaudit report is in accordance with Section 123 ofthe Act.
The final dividend paid by the Company duringthe year, in respect of the same declared for theprevious year, is in accordance with Section 123of the Act to the extent it applies to payment ofdividend.
As stated in Note 26 to the standalone financialstatements, the Board of Directors of the Companyhas proposed final dividend for the year whichis subject to the approval of the members at theensuing Annual General Meeting. The dividenddeclared is in accordance with Section 123 ofthe Act to the extent it applies to declaration ofdividend.
f. Based on our examination which included testchecks, except for the instances mentioned below,the Company has used accounting softwares formaintaining its books of account, which have afeature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility andthe same has operated throughout the year for allrelevant transactions recorded in the respectivesoftware:
i. In case of an accounting software used formaintaining general ledger, the feature of
recording audit trail (edit log) facility wasnot enabled for a part of the year for certainfields/tables at the application layer sinceit was enabled in a phased manner from17 April 2024 to 17 July 2024.
ii. In case of an accounting software used formaintaining books of account relating topayroll, the feature of recording audit trail(edit log) facility was not enabled for a partof the year for certain master data sinceit was enabled in a phased manner from21 May 2024 to 29 March 2025 and was notenabled for direct changes to data when usingcertain privilege access.
Further, for the periods where audit trail (editlog) facility was enabled and operated for therespective accounting software, we did notcome across any instance of the audit trailfeature being tampered with and the audittrail has been preserved by the Company asper the statutory requirements for recordretention.
C. With respect to the matter to be included in theAuditor's Report under Section 197(16) of the Act:
In our opinion and according to the information andexplanations given to us, the remuneration paid by theCompany to its directors during the current year is inaccordance with the provisions of Section 197 of theAct. The remuneration paid to any director is not inexcess of the limit laid down under Section 197 of theAct. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has not prescribedother details under Section 197(16) of the Act which arerequired to be commented upon by us.
For B S R & Co. LLP
Chartered AccountantsFirm's Registration No.:101248W/W-100022
Aniruddha Godbole
Partner
Place: Mumbai Membership No.: 105149
Date: 10 April 2025 ICAI UDIN:25105149BMLWYK9210