The Company estimates the provisions that havepresent obligations as a result of past events and it isprobable that outflow of resources will be required tosettle the obligations. These provisions are reviewed atthe end of each reporting period and are adjusted toreflect the current best estimates.
The Company uses significant judgements to assesscontingent liabilities. Contingent liabilities are disclosedwhen there is a possible obligation arising from pastevents, the existence of which will be confirmed onlyby the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or moreuncertain future events not wholly within the controlof the Company or a present obligation that arisesfrom past events where it is either not probable thatan outflow of resources will be required to settle theobligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannotbe made. Contingent assets are neither recognised nordisclosed in the standalone financial statements.
The accounting of employee benefit plans in thenature of defined benefit requires the Company to useassumptions. These assumptions have been explainedunder employee benefits note (Refer note 12 and 22).
(i) Leases
The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifiesto be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116.Identification of a lease requires significant judgement.
The Company uses significant judgement in assessingthe lease term (including anticipated renewals) and theapplicable discount rate.
The Company determines the lease term as thenon-cancellable period of a lease, together with bothperiods covered by an option to extend the lease ifthe Company is reasonably certain to exercise thatoption; and periods covered by an option to terminatethe lease if the Company is reasonably certain notto exercise that option. In assessing whether theCompany is reasonably certain to exercise an optionto extend a lease, or not to exercise an option toterminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts andcircumstances that create an economic incentive forthe Company to exercise the option to extend thelease, or not to exercise the option to terminate thelease. The Company revises the lease term if there is achange in the non-cancellable period of a lease.
The discount rate is generally based on the incrementalborrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated orfor a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies newstandards or amendments to the existing standards underCompanies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issuedfrom time to time.
In May 2025, MCA notified amendments to Ind AS 21- TheEffects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, applicablew.e.f. April 1, 2025. The Company has reviewed theamendment and based on its evaluation has determinedthat it does not have any significant impact in itsfinancial statements.
In August 2025, MCA notified the following amendments to:
1. Ind AS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements,applicable w.e.f. April 1, 2025 - The amendmentrelates to classification of liabilities as current or non¬current and non-current liabilities with covenants.
In the context of classifying a liability as current, itremoves the requirement of existence of a right todefer settlement for at least 12 months after thereporting date and instead requires that the said right
should exist on the reporting date and have substance.The amendment also introduces guidance onclassification of liabilities with covenants. The Companyhas no impact of these amendments in its classificationcriteria of current and non-current liabilities.
2. Ind AS 7, Statement of Cash Flows and Ind AS 107,Financial Instruments: Disclosures, applicable w.e.f.
April 1, 2025 - The amendment in Ind AS 7 requires toinform users of financial statements of the existence ofsupplier finance arrangements and explain the natureof the arrangements, the carrying amount of liabilitiesand the range of payment due dates. Ind AS 107 hasbeen amended to add supplier finance arrangementsas a factor that may cause concentration of liquidityrisk. The Company has reviewed the amendment andbased on its evaluation has determined that it does nothave any significant impact in its financial statements.
3. Ind AS 12, International Tax Reform - Pillar Two ModelRules applicable immediately- The amendmentsprovide a temporary mandatory relief from deferredtax accounting for top-up tax and disclose that theyhave applied the relief. This relief is immediate andapplies retrospectively (Refer note 15).
Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when theCompany becomes a party to the contractual provisions ofthe instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initiallymeasured at fair value, except for trade receivables whichare initially measured at transaction price. Transaction coststhat are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue offinancial assets and financial liabilities (other than financialassets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit orloss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measuredon initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
The Company derecognises a financial asset only when thecontractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire,or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially allthe risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to anotherentity. The Company derecognises financial liabilities when,and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged,cancelled or have expired.
The Company considers all highly liquid investments, whichare readily convertible into known amounts of cash thatare subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, tobe cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consistof balances with banks and which are unrestricted forwithdrawal and usage.
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortisedcost if these financial assets are held within a businesswhose objective is to hold these assets in order to collectcontractual cash flows and the contractual terms of thefinancial assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows thatare solely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding.
Financial assets are measured at fair value through othercomprehensive income if these financial assets are heldwithin a business whose objective is achieved by bothcollecting contractual cash flows on specified dates that aresolely payments of principal and interest on the principalamount outstanding and selling financial assets.
The Company has made an irrevocable election to presentsubsequent changes in the fair value of equity investmentsnot held for trading in other comprehensive income.
Financial assets are measured at fair value through profitor loss unless they are measured at amortised cost or atfair value through other comprehensive income on initialrecognition. The transaction costs directly attributableto the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fairvalue through profit or loss are immediately recognised instatement of profit and loss.
Investment in subsidiaries are measured at cost lessimpairment loss, if any.
Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using theeffective interest method except for deferred considerationrecognised in a business combination which is subsequentlymeasured at fair value through profit and loss.
An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residualinterest in the assets of the company after deducting all ofits liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company arerecognised at the proceeds received net of direct issue cost.
The Company designates certain foreign exchangeforward, currency options and futures contracts ashedge instruments in respect of foreign exchange risks.These hedges are accounted for as cash flow hedges.
The Company uses hedging instruments that aregoverned by the financial risk management policy asapproved by the Risk Management Committee. Thepolicy provides principles on the use of such financialderivatives consistent with the risk managementstrategy of the Company. While determining theappropriate hedge ratio, the Company takes intoconsideration the prevailing macro-economicconditions, the availability and liquidity of the hedginginstruments, tolerance levels for hedge ineffectivenessand the costs of hedging. The hedging activities arereviewed by the Risk Management Committee everyquarter and future course of action is determined.
The hedge instruments are designated anddocumented as hedges at the inception of the contract.The Company determines the existence of an economicrelationship between the hedging instrument andhedged item based on the currency, amount and timingof their respective cash flows. The effectiveness ofhedge instruments to reduce the risk associated withthe exposure being hedged is assessed and measuredat inception and on an ongoing basis. If the hedgedfuture cash flows are no longer expected to occur,then the amounts that have been accumulated inother equity are immediately reclassified in net foreignexchange gains in the statement of profit and loss.
The effective portion of change in the fair value of thedesignated hedging instrument is recognised in theother comprehensive income and accumulated underthe heading cash flow hedging reserve.
The Company separates the intrinsic value andtime value of an option and designates as hedginginstruments only the change in intrinsic value of the
option. The change in fair value of the intrinsic valueand time value of an option is recognised in the othercomprehensive income and accounted as a separatecomponent of equity. Such amounts are reclassifiedinto the statement of profit and loss when the relatedhedged items affect profit and loss.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedginginstrument expires or is sold, terminated or nolonger qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain orloss recognised in other comprehensive income andaccumulated in equity till that time remains and isrecognised in the statement of profit and loss whenthe forecasted transaction ultimately affects profitand loss. Any gain or loss is recognised immediatelyin the statement of profit and loss when the hedgebecomes ineffective.
The Company enters into contracts that are effectiveas hedges from an economic perspective, but theydo not qualify for hedge accounting. The change inthe fair value of such instrument is recognised in thestatement of profit and loss.
The Company assesses at each date of balance sheetwhether a financial asset or a group of financial assetsis impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit lossesto be measured through a loss allowance. The Companyrecognises lifetime expected losses for all contract assetsand / or all trade receivables that do not constitute afinancing transaction. In determining the allowance forexpected credit losses, the Company has used a practicalexpedient by computing the expected credit loss allowancefor trade receivables based on a provision matrix. Theprovision matrix takes into account historical credit lossexperience and is adjusted for forward looking information.The expected credit loss allowance is based on the ageingof the receivables that are due and allowance rates usedin the provision matrix. For all other financial assets,expected credit losses are measured at an amount equalto the 12-months expected credit losses or at an amountequal to the life time expected credit losses if the creditrisk on the financial asset has increased significantly sinceinitial recognition.
Notes:
1. On January 29, 2025, the Share Purchase and Securities Purchase Agreement (SSPA) was executed between Tata ConsultancyServices Limited (Company), Tata Realty and Infrastructure Limited (TRIL), TRIL Bengaluru Real Estate Five Limited (TBRF) andTRIL Bengaluru Real Estate Six Limited (TBRS) for acquisition of 100% equity shares and optionally redeemable convertibledebentures of TBRF and TBRS held by TRIL, in two tranches at a consideration of H1,593 crore.
Out of the above, the Company paid H554 crore towards consideration for remaining 35% stake on April 30, 2025aggregating to:
• 6,14,775 equity shares and 5,77,11,780 optionally redeemable convertible debentures in TBRF
• 32,67,110 equity shares and 30,68,53,575 optionally redeemable convertible debentures in TBRS
2. On October 10, 2025, the Company acquired 100% ownership interest of ListEngage Midco, LLC along with its subsidiaryListEngage LLC, limited liability companies in Delaware and leading Salesforce summit partner, for a consideration of$69 million (H612 crore). The consideration includes $4 million (H40 crore), the payment of which is contingent uponachievement of certain key performance indicators as set out in the agreement to be achieved over a period of two yearsand the fair value of which is $4 million (H38 crore) on initial recognition. On January 14, 2026, the Company made additionalinvestment in ListEngage Midco, LLC of $703 million (H6,344 crore) to acquire Coastal Cloud Holding, LLC (Refer note 23).
3. The Company incorporated a subsidiary, HyperVault AI Data Center Limited (HADL) on October 29, 2025. On November 20, 2025,the Securities Subscription Agreement (SSA) and Shareholders' Agreement (SHA) have been executed between the Company,TPG Terabyte Bidco Pte. Ltd. (TPG) and HADL to support the growth of Company's AI data center business. HADL will befunded through a mix of equity from the Company and TPG, and debt. The Company and TPG have committed to collectivelyinvest up to H18,000 crore over the next few years. Out of the total commitment of up to H18,000 crore, the Company willinvest up to H9,180 crores and TPG will invest up to H8,820 crore. As at March 31, 2026, the Company has invested in equityshares and Class A compulsorily convertible preference shares of HADL amounting to H208 crore.
75,00,000 equity shares of face value per share of H10 have been consolidated into 7,50,000 equity shares of face value pershare of H100 each. 7,80,000 Class A Compulsorily convertible preference shares of face value per share of H100 each havebeen converted to 7,80,000 equity shares of face value per share of H100 each.
Loans include inter-corporate deposits of H36 crore with original maturity of maximum 12 months.
Carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, loans and trade payables as at March 31, 2026 and 2025,approximate the fair value due to their nature. Carrying amounts of bank deposits, earmarked balances with banks, other financialassets and other financial liabilities which are subsequently measured at amortised cost also approximate the fair value due to theirnature in each of the periods presented. Fair value measurement of lease liabilities is not required.
The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable orunobservable and consists of the following three levels:
• Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• Level 2 - Inputs are other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, eitherdirectly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
• Level 3 - Inputs are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). Fair values are determined in whole or inpart using a valuation model based on assumptions that are neither supported by prices from observable current markettransactions in the same instrument nor are they based on available market data.
The cost of unquoted investments included in Level 3 of fair value hierarchy approximate their fair value because there is a widerange of possible fair value measurements and the cost represents estimate of fair value within that range.
The following table summarises financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and financial assets thatare not measured at fair value on a recurring basis (but fair value disclosures are required):
The Company has entered into derivative instruments not in hedging relationship by way of foreign exchange forward, currencyoptions and futures contracts. As at March 31, 2026 and 2025, the notional amount of outstanding contracts aggregated toH61,536 crore and H51,859 crore, respectively, and the respective fair value of these contracts have a net loss of H232 crore and netgain of H211 crore.
Exchange loss of H2,903 crore and H316 crore on foreign exchange forward, currency options and futures contracts that do notqualify for hedge accounting have been recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss for the years endedMarch 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Net foreign exchange gain / (loss) include loss of H284 crore and H41 crore transferred from cash flow hedging reserve to thestandalone statement of profit and loss on occurrence of forecasted hedge transactions for the years ended March 31, 2026 and2025, respectively.
Net loss on derivative instruments of H22 crore recognised in cash flow hedging reserve as at March 31, 2026, is expected to betransferred to the statement of profit and loss by March 31, 2027. The maximum period over which the exposure to cash flowvariability has been hedged is through calendar year 2026.
The Company is exposed primarily to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, credit, liquidity and interest rate risks, whichmay adversely impact the fair value of its financial instruments. The Company has a risk management policy which covers risksassociated with the financial assets and liabilities. The risk management policy is approved by the Board of Directors. The focus ofthe risk management committee is to assess the unpredictability of the financial environment and to mitigate potential adverseeffects on the financial performance of the Company.
Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in marketprices. Such changes in the values of financial instruments may result from changes in the foreign currency exchange rates, interestrates, credit, liquidity and other market changes. The Company's exposure to market risk is primarily on account of foreign currencyexchange rate risk.
The fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates may have potential impact on the statement of profit and loss and othercomprehensive income and equity, where any transaction references more than one currency or where assets / liabilitiesare denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company. Considering the countries and economicenvironment in which the Company operates, its operations are subject to risks arising from fluctuations in exchange rates inthose countries.
The Company, as per its risk management policy, uses derivative instruments primarily to hedge foreign exchange. Further, anymovement in the functional currency of the various operations of the Company against major foreign currencies may impactthe Company's revenue in international business.
The Company evaluates the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations by assessing its exposure to exchange rate risks. Ithedges a part of these risks by using derivative financial instruments in line with its risk management policies.
The foreign exchange rate sensitivity is calculated by aggregation of the net foreign exchange rate exposure and asimultaneous parallel foreign exchange rates shift of all the currencies by 10% against the functional currency of the Company.
The following analysis has been worked out based on the net exposures of the Company as of the date of balance sheet whichcould affect the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income and equity. Further the exposure as indicatedbelow is mitigated by some of the derivative contracts entered into by the Company as disclosed in note 6(l).
10% appreciation / depreciation of the functional currency of the Company with respect to various foreign currencieswould result in increase / decrease in the Company's profit before taxes by approximately H142 crore for the year endedMarch 31, 2025.
The Company's investments are primarily in fixed rate interest bearing investments. Hence, the Company is not significantlyexposed to interest rate risk.
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss arising from counterparty failure to repay or service debt according to the contractual termsor obligations. Credit risk encompasses of both, the direct risk of default and the risk of deterioration of creditworthiness as well asconcentration of risks. Credit risk is controlled by analysing credit limits and creditworthiness of customers on a continuous basisto whom the credit has been granted after obtaining necessary approvals for credit. Refer note 4 for methods, assumptions andinformation used to measure expected credit losses.
Financial instruments that are subject to credit risk consist of trade receivables, loans, investments, derivative financial instruments,cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits and other financial assets. Loans include Inter-corporate deposits of H1,550 crore placedwith subsidiaries and financial institutions as at March 31, 2026 and H36 crore placed with subsidiaries as at March 31, 2025. Loansalso include reverse repo of H900 crore and NIL as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Bank deposits include an amount ofH2,400 crore held with two banks and H3,692 crore held with two banks, having high credit rating which are individually in excessof 10% or more of the Company's total bank deposits as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. None of the other financialinstruments of the Company result in material concentration of credit risk.
The carrying amount of financial assets and contract assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposureto credit risk was H1,03,699 crore and H96,535 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, being the total of thecarrying amount of balances with banks, bank deposits, investments excluding equity and preference investments, tradereceivables, loans, contract assets and other financial assets.
The Company's exposure to customers is diversified. As at March 31, 2026, no customer held more than 10% of theoutstanding of trade receivables and contract assets. As at March 31, 2025, a single customer held more than 10% of theoutstanding of trade receivables and contract assets at 10.28%.
Liquidity risk refers to the risk that the Company cannot meet its financial obligations. The objective of liquidity risk management isto maintain sufficient liquidity and ensure that funds are available for use as per requirements. The Company consistently generatedsufficient cash flows from operations to meet its financial obligations including lease liabilities as and when they fall due.
The Company bought back 4,09,63,855 equity shares for an aggregate amount of H17,000 crore being 1.12% of the total paidup equity share capital at H4,150 per equity share. The equity shares bought back were extinguished on December 13, 2023.
The Company bought back 4,00,00,000 equity shares for an aggregate amount of H18,000 crore being 1.08% of the total paidup equity share capital at H4,500 per equity share. The equity shares bought back were extinguished on March 29, 2022.
A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time inexchange for consideration.
The Company accounts for each lease component within the contract as a lease separately from non-lease components of thecontract and allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative standalone price of thelease component and the aggregate standalone price of the non-lease components.
The Company recognises right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term at the leasecommencement date. The cost of the right-of-use asset measured at inception shall comprise of the amount of the initial measurementof the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, plusany initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset orrestoring the underlying asset or site on which it is located. The right-of-use asset is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulateddepreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset isdepreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-useasset. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment.Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of thelease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannotbe readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. For leases with reasonably similar characteristics, the Company,on a lease-by-lease basis, may adopt either the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease or the incremental borrowing rate for theportfolio as a whole. The lease payments shall include fixed payments, variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, exercise price of apurchase option where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the
lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing thecarrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made and remeasuringthe carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments. The Companyrecognises the amount of the re-measurement of lease liability due to modification as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset and statementof profit and loss depending upon the nature of modification. Where the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero andthere is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognises any remaining amount of the re-measurementin statement of profit and loss.
The Company has elected not to apply the requirements of Ind AS 116- Leases to short-term leases of all assets that have a leaseterm of 12 months or less and leases for which the underlying asset is of low value. The lease payments associated with theseleases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
At the inception of the lease the Company classifies each of its leases as either an operating lease or a finance lease. The Companyrecognises lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In case of afinance lease, finance income is recognised over the lease term based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return onthe lessor's net investment in the lease. When the Company is an intermediate lessor it accounts for its interests in the head leaseand the sub-lease separately. It assesses the lease classification of a sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset arising fromthe head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. If a head lease is a short-term lease to which the Company applies theexemption described above, then it classifies the sub-lease as an operating lease.
Interest on lease liabilities is H683 crore and H556 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
The Company incurred H266 crore and H199 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, towards expenses relating toshort-term leases and leases of low-value assets.
The total cash outflow for leases is H2,346 crore and H1,961 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively,including cash outflow for short term leases and leases of low-value assets.
The Company has lease term extension options that are not reflected in the measurement of lease liabilities. The present value offuture cash outflows for such extension periods is H1,041 crore and H943 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Lease contracts entered by the Company majorly pertain for buildings taken on lease to conduct its business in the ordinary course.
The Company does not have any lease restrictions and commitment towards variable rent as per the contract.
The Company recognises the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment as an asset if, and only if it is probable that futureeconomic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can measured reliably.
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost comprising of purchase price and any initial directly attributable cost ofbringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use, less accumulated depreciation (other than freehold land) andimpairment loss, if any.
Depreciation is provided for property, plant and equipment on a straight-line basis so as to expense the cost less residual value overtheir estimated useful lives as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 except in respect of certain categories of assets,where the useful life of the assets has been assessed based on a technical evaluation. The estimated useful lives and residual valuesare reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any change in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.
*The Company believes that the technically evaluated useful lives, different from Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, bestrepresent the period over which these assets are expected to be used.
Capital work-in-progress are stated at cost less impairment loss, if any. Depreciation is not recorded on capital work-in-progress untilconstruction and installation are complete and the asset is ready for its intended use.
Property, plant and equipment with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carryingamounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost tosell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largelyindependent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) towhich the asset belongs.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (orCGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be derecognised on disposal or when no future economicbenefits are expected from its use or disposal.
Intangible assets purchased are measured at cost as at the date of acquisition, as applicable, less accumulated amortisation andaccumulated impairment, if any.
Intangible assets consist of rights under licensing agreement and software licences which are amortised over licence period whichequates the economic useful life ranging between 1-5 years on a straight-line basis over the period of its economic useful life.
Intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts maynot be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and thevalue-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independentof those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) to whichthe asset belongs.
Non-current - Others includes advance of H177 crore and H177 crore towards acquiring right-of-use of leasehold land as atMarch 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Contract fulfillment costs of H763 crore and H659 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, have beenamortised in the standalone statement of profit and loss. Refer note 10 for the changes in contract assets.
Inventories consists of a) Raw materials, sub-assemblies and components, b) Work-in-progress, c) Stores and spare parts andd) Finished goods. Inventories are carried at lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of raw materials, sub-assemblies andcomponents is determined on a weighted average basis. Cost of finished goods produced or purchased by the Company includesdirect material and labour cost and a proportion of manufacturing overheads.
The Company earns revenue primarily from providing IT services, consulting and business solutions. The Company offers a
consulting-led, cognitive powered, integrated portfolio of IT, business and engineering services and solutions.
Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the
consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services.
• Revenue from time and material and job contracts is recognised on output basis measured by units delivered, effortsexpended, number of transactions processed, etc.
• Revenue related to fixed price maintenance and support services contracts where the Company is standing ready to provideservices is recognised based on time elapsed mode and revenue is straight-lined over the period of performance.
• In respect of other fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised using percentage-of-completion method ('POC method') ofaccounting with contract costs incurred determining the degree of completion of the performance obligation. The contractcosts used in computing the revenues include cost of fulfilling warranty obligations.
• Revenue from the sale of distinct internally developed software and manufactured systems and third party softwareis recognised upfront at the point in time when the system / software is delivered to the customer. In cases whereimplementation and / or customisation services rendered significantly modifies or customises the software, these services andsoftware are accounted for as a single performance obligation and revenue is recognised over time on a POC method.
• Revenue from the sale of distinct third party hardware is recognised at the point in time when control is transferredto the customer.
• The solutions offered by the Company may include supply of third-party equipment or software. In such cases, revenue forsupply of such third party products are recorded at gross or net basis depending on whether the Company is acting as theprincipal or as an agent of the customer. The Company recognises revenue in the gross amount of consideration when it isacting as a principal and at net amount of consideration when it is acting as an agent.
Revenue is measured based on the transaction price, which is the consideration, adjusted for volume discounts, service levelcredits, performance bonuses, price concessions and incentives, if any, as specified in the contract with the customer. Revenue alsoexcludes taxes collected from customers.
The Company's contracts with customers could include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. TheCompany assesses the products / services promised in a contract and identifies distinct performance obligations in the contract.Identification of distinct performance obligation involves judgement to determine the deliverables and the ability of the customerto benefit independently from such deliverables.
Judgement is also required to determine the transaction price for the contract and to ascribe the transaction price to each distinctperformance obligation. The transaction price could be either a fixed amount of customer consideration or variable considerationwith elements such as volume discounts, service level credits, performance bonuses, price concessions and incentives. Thetransaction price is also adjusted for the effects of the time value of money if the contract includes a significant financingcomponent. Any consideration payable to the customer is adjusted to the transaction price, unless it is a payment for a distinctproduct or service from the customer.
The estimated amount of variable consideration is adjusted in the transaction price only to the extent that it is highly probable thata significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur and is reassessed at the end of each reportingperiod. The Company allocates the elements of variable considerations to all the performance obligations of the contract unlessthere is observable evidence that they pertain to one or more distinct performance obligations.
The Company exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over aperiod of time. The Company considers indicators such as how customer consumes benefits as services are rendered or whocontrols the asset as it is being created or existence of enforceable right to payment for performance to date and alternate use ofsuch product or service, transfer of significant risks and rewards to the customer, acceptance of delivery by the customer, etc.
Revenue from subsidiaries is recognised based on transaction price which is at arm's length.
Contract fulfilment costs are generally expensed as incurred except for certain software licence costs which meet the criteria forcapitalisation. Such costs are amortised over the contractual period or useful life of licence, whichever is less. The assessment ofthis criteria requires the application of judgement, in particular when considering if costs generate or enhance resources to be usedto satisfy future performance obligations and whether costs are expected to be recovered.
Contract assets are recognised when there are excess of revenues earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified asunbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time isrequired, as per contractual terms.
Unearned and deferred revenue ("contract liability") is recognised when there are billings in excess of revenues.
The billing schedules agreed with customers include periodic performance based payments and / or milestone based progresspayments. Invoices are payable within contractually agreed credit period.
In accordance with Ind AS 37, the Company recognises an onerous contract provision when the unavoidable costs of meeting theobligations under a contract exceed the economic benefits to be received.
Contracts are subject to modification to account for changes in contract specification and requirements. The Company reviewsmodification to contract in conjunction with the original contract, basis which the transaction price could be allocated to a newperformance obligation, or transaction price of an existing obligation could undergo a change. In the event transaction price isrevised for existing obligation, a cumulative adjustment is accounted for.
No single customer represents 10% or more of the Company's total revenue during the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
While disclosing the aggregate amount of transaction price yet to be recognised as revenue towards unsatisfied (or partiallysatisfied) performance obligations, along with the broad time band for the expected time to recognise those revenues, theCompany has applied the practical expedient in Ind AS 115. Accordingly, the Company has not disclosed the aggregate transactionprice allocated to unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) performance obligations which pertain to contracts where revenue recognisedcorresponds to the value transferred to customer typically involving time and material, outcome based and event based contracts.
Unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) performance obligations are subject to variability due to several factors such as terminations,changes in scope of contracts, periodic revalidations of the estimates, economic factors (changes in currency rates, tax laws etc).The aggregate value of transaction price allocated to unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) performance obligations is H1,87,739 croreout of which 44.08% is expected to be recognised as revenue in the next year and the balance thereafter. No consideration fromcontracts with customers is excluded from the amount mentioned above.
For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarialvaluations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of thechanges to the asset ceiling and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the balance sheet witha charge or credit recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Past service cost, both vested andunvested, is recognised as an expense at the earlier of (a) when the plan amendment or curtailment occurs; and (b) when theentity recognises related restructuring costs or termination benefits.
The retirement benefit obligations recognised in the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit obligationsreduced by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of availablerefunds and reductions in future contributions to the scheme.
The Company provides benefits such as gratuity, pension and provident fund (Company managed fund) to its employees which aretreated as defined benefit plans.
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as expense when employees have rendered services entitling themto such benefits.
The Company provides benefits such as superannuation and foreign defined contribution plans to its employees which are treatedas defined contribution plans.
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits.Benefits such as salaries, wages etc. and the expected cost of ex-gratia are recognised in the period in which the employee rendersthe related service. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid when there is a present legal or constructiveobligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
Compensated absences which are expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employeerenders the related services are recognised as undiscounted liability at the balance sheet date. Compensated absences which arenot expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services arerecognised as an actuarially determined liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligations at the balance sheet dateusing the Projected Unit Credit Method.
Termination benefits are expensed at the earlier of when the Company is obligated to pay those benefits and when the Companyrecognises costs for a restructuring.
Employee benefit plans consist of the following:
In accordance with Indian law, the Company operate a scheme of gratuity which is a defined benefit plan. The gratuity plan providesfor a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment inaccordance with the provisions under the Code on Social Security, 2020 or as per the Company Scheme, as applicable. Vestingoccurs upon completion of contractual period of continuous years of service as defined in the Code on Social Security, 2020. TheCompany manages the plan through a trust. Trustees administer contributions made to the trust. Certain overseas branches of theCompany also provide for retirement benefit pension plans in accordance with the local laws.
The following table sets out the details of the defined benefit retirement plans and the amounts recognised in thefinancial statements:
Future mortality assumptions are taken based on the published statistics by the Insurance Regulatory and DevelopmentAuthority of India.
The expected benefits are based on the same assumptions as are used to measure the Company's defined benefit plan obligationsas at March 31, 2026. The Company does not expect to contribute to defined benefit plan obligations funds for year endingMarch 31, 2027 in view of adequate surplus plan assets as at March 31, 2026.
The significant actuarial assumptions for the determination of the defined benefit obligations are discount rate and expected salaryincrease. The sensitivity analysis below have been determined based on reasonably possible changes of the respective assumptionsoccurring at the end of the reporting period, while holding all other assumptions constant.
In accordance with Indian law, all eligible employees of the Company in India are entitled to receive benefits under the providentfund plan in which both the employee and employer (at a determined rate) contribute monthly to a trust set up by the Companyto manage the investments and distribute the amounts entitled to employees. This plan is a defined benefit plan as the Companyis obligated to provide its members a rate of return which should, at the minimum, meet the interest rate declared by Governmentadministered provident fund. A part of the Company's contribution is transferred to the Government administered pension fund.The contributions made by the Company and the shortfall of interest, if any, are recognised as an expense in statement of profitand loss under employee benefit expenses. As per the latest actuarial valuation report of provident fund liabilities on the basisof guidance issued by Actuarial Society of India and based on the assumptions as mentioned below, there is no deficiency in theinterest cost as the present value of the expected future earnings of the fund is greater than the expected amount to be credited tothe individual members based on the expected guaranteed rate of interest of Government administered provident fund.
All eligible employees on Indian payroll are entitled to benefits under Superannuation, a defined contribution plan. The Companymakes monthly contributions until retirement or resignation of the employee. The Company recognises such contributions as anexpense when incurred. The Company has no further obligation beyond its monthly contribution.
The Company expensed H270 crore and H291 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, towards Employees'Superannuation Fund.
The Company expensed H1,589 crore and H1,458 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, towards foreigndefined contribution plans.
Costs and expenses are recognised when incurred and have been classified according to their nature.
The costs of the Company are broadly categorised in employee benefit expenses, cost of equipment and software licences,depreciation and amortisation expense and other expenses. Other expenses mainly include fees to external consultants, facilityexpenses, travel expenses, communication expenses, bad debts and advances written off, allowance for expected credit losses anddoubtful advances (net) and other expenses. Other expenses are aggregation of costs which are individually not material such ascommission and brokerage, recruitment and training, entertainment, etc.
Other expenses include H5,613 crore and H4,722 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, towardssales, marketing and advertisement expenses and H3,700 crore and H3,089 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025,respectively, towards project expenses.
The Company made a contribution to an electoral trust of NIL and H218 crore for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025,respectively, which is included in other expenses.
Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and the net change in the deferred tax asset or liability during the year. Currentand deferred taxes are recognised in statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in othercomprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensiveincome or directly in equity, respectively.
The current income tax expense includes income taxes payable by the Company in India and in its branches in overseaswhere it operates.
The Company has recognised income tax expenses applying the provisions under section 115BAA of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
Current income tax payable by overseas branches of the Company is computed in accordance with the tax laws applicable in thejurisdiction in which the respective branch operates. The taxes paid are generally available for set off against the Indian income taxliability of the Company's worldwide income.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulationsare subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Advance taxes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in the balance sheet after off-setting advance tax paid andincome tax provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and where the relevant tax paying unit intends to settle the asset andliability on a net basis.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has published the model rules for global minimum tax(Pillar Two model rules). As per the provisions of Pillar Two legislation, the Company's ultimate parent entity (UPE) has consolidatedrevenues exceeding the threshold prescribed under the OECD framework. Pillar Two legislation has been enacted, or substantivelyenacted, in certain jurisdictions where the Company operates. Based on the current assessment, the Company does not expecta material financial impact from the application of the Pillar Two rules. The evaluation of the potential exposure is based on themost recent country-by-country reporting, and financial statements for the constituent entities in the Company. In accordance withAmendments to Ind AS 12, the Company has applied temporary mandatory relief from accounting for deferred tax that arises fromimplementing Pillar Two legislation.
Deferred income tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognisedfor deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount,except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a businesscombination, affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.
Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which thedeductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.
The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longerprobable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using substantively enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in theyears in which the temporary differences are expected to be received or settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the relevantentity intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
The Company has ongoing disputes with income tax authorities in India and in some of the other jurisdictions where it operates.The disputes relate to tax treatment of certain expenses claimed as deduction, computation or eligibility of tax incentives andallowances and characterisation of fees for services received. Contingent liability in respect of tax demands received from directtax authorities in India and other jurisdictions is H506 crore and H1,012 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Thesedemand orders are being contested by the Company based on the management evaluation and advise of tax consultants. In respectof tax contingencies of H318 crore and H318 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, not included above, the Company isentitled to an indemnification from the seller of TCS e-Serve Limited.
The Company periodically receives notices and inquiries from income tax authorities related to the Company's operations in thejurisdictions it operates in. The Company has evaluated these notices and inquiries and has concluded that any consequent incometax claims or demands by the income tax authorities will not succeed on ultimate resolution.
The number of years that are subject to tax assessments varies depending on tax jurisdiction. The major tax jurisdictions of TataConsultancy Services Limited include India, United States of America and United Kingdom. In India, tax filings from fiscal 2023are generally subject to examination by the tax authorities. In United States of America, the federal statute of limitation appliesto fiscals 2021 and earlier and applicable state statutes of limitation vary by state. In United Kingdom, the statute of limitationgenerally applies to fiscal 2020 and earlier.
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing profit or loss attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weightedaverage number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The Company did not have any potentially dilutive securities in anyof the periods presented.
The Company publishes the standalone financial statements of the Company along with the consolidated financial statements.In accordance with Ind AS 108- Operating Segments, the Company has disclosed the segment information in the consolidatedfinancial statements.
The Company has contractually committed (net of advances) H2,532 crore and H2,438 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025,respectively, for purchase of property, plant and equipment.
Refer note 15.
The Company has ongoing disputes with tax authorities mainly relating to treatment of characterisation and classificationof certain items. The Company has demands amounting to H646 crore and H626 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025,
respectively, from various indirect tax authorities which are being contested by the Company based on the managementevaluation and advice of tax consultants.
> Claims aggregating H119 crore and H120 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, against the Company havenot been acknowledged as debts.
> In April 2019, Computer Sciences Corporation (referred to as CSC) filed a legal claim against the Company in the Courtof Northern District of Texas and Dallas Division (trial court) alleging misappropriation of trade secrets and other CSC'sconfidential information and sought preliminary and permanent injunctive relief, and unspecified monetary damages anddisgorgement of profits.
A trial before an advisory jury was held and on November 17, 2023, the jury returned an advisory verdict in favour ofCSC, finding that the Company misappropriated CSC's trade secrets and recommended compensation of US $70 million(equivalent to H662 crore) and a further punitive damage of US $140 million (equivalent to H1,324 crore) to be paid bythe Company to CSC. Subsequently, the parties filed their respective written submissions in the matter. On June 13, 2024,the trial court passed a judgement as follows:
1. The Court ordered that the Company is liable to CSC for US $56 million (equivalent to H531 crore) in compensatorydamages and US $112 million (equivalent to H1,062 crore) in exemplary damages.
2. The Court also assessed that the Company is liable for US $26 million (equivalent to H244 crore) in prejudgmentinterest through June 13, 2024.
3. The Court also passed certain injunction and other reliefs against the Company.
Pursuant to US Court procedures, a Letter of Credit has been made available to CSC for US $250 million (equivalentto H2,365 crore) as financial security in order to stay execution of the judgement pending appeal proceedingsand conclusion.
On November 21, 2025, the Fifth Circuit issued a decision affirming the District Court's rulings on liability but vacatingthe previously granted injunction and remanding to the district court to re-enter a narrower injunction. The Companyfiled a petition for rehearing en banc and a petition for panel rehearing in the appellate court on December 5, 2025,which was denied on December 19, 2025.
On March 19, 2026, a petition for a writ of certiorari from the US Supreme Court was filed, seeking a review of the caseand the Supreme Court's decision is awaited.
The Company, based on consultation with the external lawyers and legal assessment, believes that it has a strong caseand would defend its position vigorously and pursue legal remedies to overturn the decision of the Fifth Circuit.
Considering all the facts and various legal precedence, on a conservative and prudent basis, the Company providedUS $112 million (H1,010 crore) towards this legal claim in the standalone statement of profit and loss for the year endedMarch 31, 2026 as "Provision towards legal claim" under "Exceptional items". In addition, the Company has also providedUS $38 million (H342 crore) towards pre and post judgement interest until expected date of settlement of this liabilityand disclosed it under "Other interest costs".
The Company has given letter of comfort to banks for credit facilities availed by its subsidiaries. As per the terms of letter ofcomfort, the Company undertakes not to divest its ownership interest directly or indirectly in the subsidiary and provide suchmanagerial, technical and financial assistance to ensure continued successful operations of the subsidiary.
The remuneration of directors and key executives is determined by the nomination and remuneration committee having regard tothe performance of individuals and market trends.
21) In July 2025, the Company announced re-structuring initiatives. As a part of this initiative, the Company released / will releasecertain associates from the organisation whose deployment may not be feasible. Termination benefits have been provided as perpolicy devised for this purpose. Such termination benefits, due to their size, nature or occurrence are disclosed as "Re-structuringexpenses" under "Exceptional items" in the standalone financial statements.
22) On November 21, 2025, the Government of India notified the four Labour Codes - the Code on Wages, 2019, the IndustrialRelations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020- consolidating 29 existing labour laws. The Ministry of Labour & Employment published draft Central Rules and FAQs to enableassessment of the financial impact due to changes in regulations. The Company has considered restructured compensation of itsemployees with effect from April 1, 2026, and assessed the impact of the changes, consistent with the Labour Codes, draft rules,FAQs and legal opinion. Considering the materiality and regulatory-driven, non-recurring nature of this impact, the Company
has presented such incremental impact as "Statutory impact of new Labour Codes" under "Exceptional Items" in the standalonestatement of profit and loss for the year ended March 31, 2026. The Company continues to monitor the finalisation of Central /State Rules and clarifications from the Government on other aspects of the Labour Code and would provide appropriate accountingeffect on the basis of such developments as needed.
23) No funds have been advanced / loaned / invested (from borrowed funds or from share premium or from any other sources / kindof funds) by the Company to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries), with the understanding(whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Intermediary shall (i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons orentities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or (ii) provide any guarantee,security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries, except as mentioned below:
Minor amount remaining from funds transferred by TCS held by ListEngage Midco, LLC for future use.
The Company has provided corporate guarantee of $25 million (equivalent to H226 crore) on behalf of ListEngage Midco, LLC(wholly owned subsidiary) in connection with acquisition of Coastal Cloud Holdings, LLC along with its subsidiaries onDecember 10, 2025.
The transactions mentioned above are not in violation of Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002 and are in compliance of theprovisions of Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 and Companies Act, 2013.
No funds have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Parties), with theunderstanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall (i) directly or indirectly, lend or invest in otherpersons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or (ii) provideany guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
24) The sitting fees and commission paid to non-executive directors is H15 crore and H12 crore as at March 31, 2026 and 2025,respectively.
Dividends paid during the year ended March 31, 2026 include an amount of H30.00 per equity share towards final dividend forthe year ended March 31, 2025 and an amount of H79.00 per equity share towards interim dividends (including special dividend)for the year ended March 31, 2026. Dividends paid during the year ended March 31, 2025 include an amount of H28.00 perequity share towards final dividend for the year ended March 31, 2024 and an amount of H96.00 per equity share towards interimdividends (including special dividend) for the year ended March 31, 2025.
Dividends declared by the Company are based on the profit available for distribution. On April 9, 2026, the Board of Directorsof the Company have proposed a final dividend of H31.00 per equity share in respect of the year ended March 31, 2026subject to the approval of shareholders at the Annual General Meeting, and if approved, would result in cash outflow ofapproximately H11,216 crore.
As per our report of even date attached For and on behalf of the Board
Chartered Accountants CEO and Managing Director Executive Director - President and COO
Firm's registration no: 101248W/W-100022 DIN: 10106739 DIN: 07121802
Aniruddha Godbole Samir Seksaria Yashaswin Sheth
Partner CFO Company Secretary
Membership No: 105149
Mumbai, April 9, 2026 Mumbai, April 9, 2026