Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflowof resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of theobligation.
Where the effect of time value of money is material, provisions are measured at present value using a pre-tax discount rate that refects currentmarket assessment of the time value of money and risks specific to liability. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised asinterest expense.
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence ofone or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probablethat an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existencein the financial statements. Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.
Where events occurring after the Balance Sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of suchevents is adjusted within the financial statements. Otherwise, events after the Balance Sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian AccountingStandards) Rules as issued from time to time. During the year ended March 31, 2025, MCA has notified Ind AS - 117 Insurance Contracts andamendments to Ind AS 116 - Leases, relating to sale and leaseback transactions, applicable from April 1, 2024. The Company has assessed thatthere is no significant impact in its financial statements.
On May 9, 2025, MCA notifies the amendments to Ind AS 21 - Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. These amendments aim to provideclearer guidance on assessing currency exchangeability and estimating exchange rates when currencies are not readily exchangeable. Theamendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2025. The Company is currently assessing the probable impact ofthese amendments on its financial statements.
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reportedamounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertaintyabout these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilitiesaffected in future periods.
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk ofcausing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Companybased its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances andassumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control ofthe Company. Such changes are refected in the assumptions when they occur.
( a) Defined Benefit Plans
The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarialvaluation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of thediscount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a definedbenefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, themanagement considers the interest rates of government bonds in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefitobligation.
(b) Estimates and Assumptions
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in activemarkets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observablemarkets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements includeconsiderations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fairvalue of financial instruments.
(c) Depreciation/Amortisation and Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment/IntangibleAssets
Property, plant and equipment / intangible assets are depreciated / amortised over their estimated useful lives, after taking into account estimatedresidual value. Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residual values of the assets annually in order to determine the amount ofdepreciation / amortisation to be recorded during any reporting period. The useful lives and residual values are based on the Company's historicalexperience with similar assets and take into account anticipated technological changes. The depreciation / amortisation for future periods isrevised if there are significant changes from previous estimates.
(d) Impairment of Financial Assets
The Company reviews its carrying value of investments carried at amortized cost annually, or more frequently when there is indication ofimpairment. If recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is accounted for.
(e) Impairment of Non Financial Assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, the Companyestimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or Cash Generating Units (CGU's) fair valueless costs of disposal and its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is consideredimpaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
Determination of the recoverable amount involves management estimates on highly uncertain matters, such as commodity prices and their impacton markets and prices for upgraded products, development in demand, inflation, operating expenses and tax and legal systems. The Company usesinternal business plans, quoted market prices and the Company's best estimate of commodity prices, currency rates, discount rates and otherrelevant information. A detailed forecast is developed for a period of three to five years with projections thereafter. The Company does not include ageneral growth factor to volumes or cash flows for the purpose of impairment tests, however, cash flows are generally increased by expectedinflation and market recovery towards previously observed volumes is considered.
(f) Taxes
The Company calculates income tax expense based on reported income. Deferred income tax expense is calculated based on the differencesbetween the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax basis that are considered temporaryin nature. Valuation of deferred tax assets is dependent on management's assessment of future recoverability of the deferred benefit.Expected recoverability may result from expected taxable income in the future, planned transactions or planned tax optimizing measures. Economicconditions may change and lead to a different conclusion regarding recoverability.
The company's principal financial liabilities comprise borrowings, trade payables, other financial liabilities and financial guarantee contracts. The main purposeof these financial liabilities is to finance the Company's operations. The Company's financial assets include investments, trade receivables, cash and cashequivalents, other bank balances, loans and other financial assets.
The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company has a Risk management policy and its management is supported by aRisk management committee that advises on risks and the appropriate risk governance framework for the Company. The Risk management committeeprovides assurance to the Company's management that the Company's risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that risks areidentified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company's policies and risk objectives. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies formanaging each of these risks, which are summarised below.
( i) Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprisestwo types of risk: currency risk and other price risk, such as commodity price risk and equity price risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk includeFVTOCI investments, FVTPL investments, trade payables, trade receivables, etc.
(a) Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a foreign currency exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates.The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company's operating activities. The Company monitors theforeign exchange fluctuations on continuous basis and advises the management of any material adverse effect on the Company and for taking risk mitigationmeasures. The Company enters into forward exchange contracts against its foreign currency exposure relating to underlying liabilities and firm commitments.The Company does not enter into any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Foreign currency sensitivity
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in USD, Euro and JPY exchange rates, with all other variables held constant. Theimpact on the Company's profit before tax is due to likely changes in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities. The Company's exposure to foreign currencychanges for all other currencies is not material.
(Rs. in million)
(ii) Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company isexposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables).
Trade receivables
An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for all the customers. In addition, a large number of minor receivables aregrouped into homogenous groups and assessed for impairment collectively. The calculation is based on credit losses historical data. The maximum exposure tocredit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of trade receivables disclosed as the Company does not hold collateral as security. The Company hasevaluated the concentration of risk with respect to trade receivables as low, as its customers are located in several jurisdictions and industries.
(iii) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that Company will encounter difficulty in raising funds to meet commitments associated with financial instruments that are settledby delivering cash or another financial asset. Liquidity risk may result from an inability to sell a financial asset quickly at close to its fair value.
The Company has an established liquidity risk management framework for managing its short term, medium term and long term funding and liquiditymanagement requirements. The Company's exposure to liquidity risk arises primarily from mismatches of the maturities of financial asset and liabilities.The Company manages the liquidity risk by maintaining adequate funds in cash and cash equivalents. The Company also has adequate credit facilities agreedwith banks to ensure that there is sufficient cash to meet all its normal operating commitments in a timely and cost-effective manner.
The table below analyse the financial liabilities of the Company into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period from the reporting date to thecontractual maturity date. The amount disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flow.
The Company being in a capital intensive industry, its objective is to maintain a strong credit rating, healthy capital ratios and establish a capital structure thatwould maximise the return to stakeholders through optimum mix of debt and equity.
The Company's capital requirement is mainly to fund its capacity expansion, repayment of principal and interest on its borrowings and strategic acquisitions.The principal source of funding of the Company has been, and is expected to continue to be, cash generated from its operations supplemented by funding frombank borrowings and the capital markets. The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.
The Company regularly considers other financing and refinancing opportunities to diversify its debt profile, reduce interest cost and elongate the maturity ofits debt portfolio, and closely monitors its judicious allocation amongst competing capital expansion projects and strategic acquisitions, to capture marketopportunities at minimum risk.
The Company monitors its capital using gearing ratio, which is net debt, divided to total equity. Net debt includes, interest bearing loans and borrowings less cashand cash equivalents.
47. None of the Loans or Advances in the nature of loans as at 31st March, 2025 and as at 31st March, 2024 are granted to promoters, directors, KMPs andthe related parties (as defined under Companies Act 2013) either severally or jointly with any other person, that are: (a) repayable on demand or(b) without specifying any terms or period of repayment.
48 . The company has used the borrowings from banks and financial institutions for the specific purpose for which it was taken at the balance sheet date.
49. No proceedings have been initiated or pending against the company for holding any benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act,1988 (45 of 1988) and the rules made there under.
50. All the Registration of Charges or Satisfaction of Charges with the Registrar of Companies are completed within the statutory period.
51. The company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Companies Act read with Companies (Restrictionon number of Layers) Rules, 2017.
52 . The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds (either borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) to any otherperson(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that theIntermediary shall (i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company(Ultimate Beneficiaries) or (ii) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
53. The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whetherrecorded in writing or otherwise) that the company shall (i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any mannerwhatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or (ii) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the UltimateBeneficiaries.
54. The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during theyear ended 31st March, 2025 and 31st March, 2024 in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
55. The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
56. The company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial Institution or other lender.
Signature to Note 1 to 56
Asperourreportofevendateannexed For and on behalf of the Board
For SINGHI & CO.
Chartered Accountants
Firm Registration No. 302049E SIDHARTH K. BIRLA R. V. KANORIA
RAHUL BOTHRA Director Managing Director
Partner (DIN:00004213) (DIN:00003792)
Membership No. 067330
P N. K. NOLKHA PRATIBHA JAISWAL
Place: New Delhi Group Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Date: 21st May, 2025 (ACS: 33981)