(l) Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised only when there is a present obligation, as a result of past events, and when a reliable estimate of the amount ofobligation can be made at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current bestestimates. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.
Contingent liability is disclosed for:
• Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the Company or
• Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or areliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.
Contingent assets are not recognized. However, when inflow of economic benefit is probable, related asset is disclosed.
(m) Earnings per share :
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deductingattributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equityshares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events including a bonus issue.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weightedaverage number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(n) Significant management judgment in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty :
The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect thereported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the related disclosures.
Significant management judgments and estimates
The following are significant management judgments and estimates in applying the accounting policies of the Company that have the mosts ignificant effect on the financial s tatements.
Recognition of deferred tax assets - The extent to which deferred taxassets can be recognised is based on an assessment ofthe probability ofthe future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized.
Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets - The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment ofseveral external and internal factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.
Taxes: Taxes have been paid / provided, exemptions availed, allowances considered etc. are based on the extant laws and the Company’sinterpretation of the same based on the legal advice received wherever required. These could differ in the view taken by the authorities,clarifications issued subsequently by the government and courts, amendments to statutes by the government etc.
Classification of leases - The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. The classification ofthe leasing arrangement as afinance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, butnot limited to, transfer of ownership of leased assetat end of lease term, lessee’s option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion oflease termto the asset’seconomic life, proportion of present value ofminimum leasepayments to fair value of leased asset and extent ofspecialized nature of the leasedasset.
Recoverability of advances/receivables - At each balance sheet date, based on historical default rates observed over expected life, themanagement assesses the expected credit loss on outstanding receivables and advances.
Defined benefit obligation (DBO) - Management’s estimate of the DBO is based on a number of critical underlying assumptions such asstandard rates ofinflation, medical cost trends, mortality, discount rate and anticipation offuture salary increases. Variation in these assumptionsmay significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.
Fair value measurements - Management applies valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active marketquotes are not available). This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price theinstrument. Management uses the best information available. Estimated fairvalues may vary fromthe actual prices that would be achieved in anarm’s length transaction at the reporting date
Useful life ofproperty, plant and equipment and intangible assets: The Company has estimated useful life ofthe Property Plant and Equipment asspecified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Howeverthe actual usefullife for individual equipments could turn out to be different, therecould be technology changes, breakdown, unexpected failure leading to impairment or complete discard. Alternately the equipment may continueto provide useful service well beyond the useful life assumed.
(o) Revenue recognition
Interest and dividend :
Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method. Dividends are recognised at the time the right to receive thepayment is established. Other income is recognised when no significant uncertainty as to its determination or realisation exists.
(p) Revenue from contract with customers
Ind AS 115 was issued on 28 March 2018 and establishes a five- step model to account for revenue arising from contract with customers. Thenew revenue standard will supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under Ind AS. The Company has adopted the new standardwill supersede all current revenue recognition requirements under Ind AS. The Company has adopted the new standard for annual periodsbeginning on or after 1st April, 2018 using the cumulative catch up method. However there is no obligation on the part of the Company fordetermining transaction price from the customers.
The Company derives revenues primarily fromsale ofmanufactured goods, traded goods and related services. The Company is also engaged inreal estate property development, recently.
Effective 01 April 2018, the Company has adopted Indian Accounting Standard 115 (Ind AS 115) -’Revenue from contracts with customers’ usingthe cumulative catch-up transition method, applied to contracts that were not completed as on the transition date i.e. 01st April 2018.Accordingly, the comparative amounts ofrevenue and the corresponding contract assets / liabilities have not been retrospectively adjusted. Theeffect on adoption of Ind-AS 115 was insignificant.
The core principle ofInd AS 115 is that an entity should recognise revenue to depict the transfer ofpromised goods or services to customers inan amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Specifically, thestandard introduces a 5-step approach to revenue recognition:
Revenue is recognized on satisfaction ofperformance obligation upon transfer ofcontrol ofproducts to customers in an amount that reflects theconsideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products.
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customerStep 2: Identify the performance obligation in contractStep 3: Determine the transaction price
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contractStep 5: Recognise revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation
Under Ind AS 115, an entity recognises revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when ‘control’ of the goods orservicesunderlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer. The Company has completed its evaluation of the possible impactof Ind AS 115 and has adopted the standard from 1st April, 2018.
Interest Income :
Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis using the effective interest method.
Dividend
Dividends are recognised at the time the right to receive the payment is established.q) Leases :
The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low value assets.The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets
The Company recognises right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease termat the lease commencement date.The cost ofthe rightof- use asset measured at inception shall comprise ofthe amount ofthe initial measurement ofthe lease liability adjusted forany lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate ofcosts to be incurred by thelessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset or restoring the underlying asset which it is located. The right-of- use assets issubsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement ofthe lease liability. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of leaseterm or useful life of rightof- use asset. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those ofproperty,plant and equipment. Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not berecoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the rights and benefits ofownership ofthe leased assets are classified as operatingleases. At the date of commencement oflease the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (ROU) and a corresponding lease liability for all leasearrangements in which it is a lease except for leases with a termoftwelve months or less and lowvalue leases. For these short termand lowvalueleases the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
The right to use assets are initially recognized at cost which comprises initial amount ofthe lease liability adjusted for any lease payment made ator prior to the date of the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measuredat cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-to- use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on straight line basis over lesser of the lease period or the useful life of theasset.
Lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value ofthe future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted usingthe interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable using the incremental borrowing rate for the Company.
The Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. Thelease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the leases if that rate can be readily determined.
Defined Benefit Plan :
Gratuity and Leave Encashment:
The Company makes partly annual contribution to the Employees' Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme of the LifeInsurance Corporation of India, a funded benefit plan for qualifying employees. The scheme provides for lump sum paymentto vested employees at retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15days service for each completed year of service or part thereof depending on the date of joining. The benefit vests after fiveyears of continuous service.
The Company’s risk management is carried out by a central treasury department of the Company under policies approved by the Board ofDirectors. The Board of Directors provide written principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such asforeign exchange risk, interest rate risk, market risk, credit risk and investment of excess liquidity.
A) Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument will fail to perform or pay amounts due to the Company causingfinancial loss. It arises from cash and cash equivalents, deposits with banks and financial institutions, security deposits, loans given andprincipally from credit exposures to customers relating to outstanding receivables. The Company’s maximumexposure to credit riskis limited tothe carrying amount of financial assets recognised at reporting date.
The Company continuously monitors defaults of customers and other counterparties, identified either individually or by the Company, andincorporates this information into its credit riskcontrols. Where available at reasonable cost,external credit ratings and/orreports oncustomersand other counterparties are obtained and used. The Company’s policy is to deal only with creditworthy counterparties.
In respect of trade and other receivables, the Company is not exposed to any significant credit riskexposure to any single counterparty or anycompany ofcounterparties having similarcharacteristics. Trade receivables consist ofa large numberofcustomers in various geographicalareas.The Company has very limited history of customer default, and considers the credit quality of trade receivables that are not past due or impairedto be good.
The credit risk for cash and cash equivalents, mutual funds, bank deposits, loans and derivative financial instruments is considered negligible,since the counterparties are reputable organizations with high quality external credit ratings.
Company provides for expected credit losses on financial assets by assessing individual financial instruments for expectation of any creditlosses. Since the assets have very low credit risk, and are forvaried natures and purpose, there is no trend that the company can draws to applyconsistently to entire population. Forsuch financialassets, the Company’s policy is to provides for 12 month expected credit losses upon initialrecognition and provides for lifetime expected credit losses upon significant increase in credit risk. The Company does not have any expectedloss based impairment recognised on such assets considering their low credit risk nature, though incurred loss provisions are disclosed undereach sub-category of such financial assets.
Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities and the availability of funding through anadequate amount of committed credit facilities to meet obligations when due. Due to the nature of the business, the Company maintains flexibilityin funding by maintaining availability under committed facilities.
Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Company’s liquidity position and cash and cash equivalents on the basis of expected cash flows.The Company takes into account the liquidity of the market in which the entity operates. In addition, the Company’s liquidity management policyinvolves projecting cash flows in major currencies and considering the level ofliquid assets necessary to meet these, monitoring balance sheetliquidity ratios against internal and external regulatory requirements and maintaining debt financing plans.
C) Market risk - foreign exchange
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from foreign currency transactions, primarily with respect to US Dollar. Foreignexchange risk arises from recognised assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the Company’s functional currency. TheCompany, as per its overall strategy, uses forward contracts to mitigate its risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency, and suchcontracts are not designated as hedges under Ind AS 109. The Company does not use forward contracts and swaps for speculative purposes.
Sensitivity
The company is now not exposed to foreign exchange risk as it has closed its foreign exchnge exposure.
D) Interest rate riski) Liabilities
The Company’s policy is to minimize interest rate cash flow riskexposures on long-termfinancing. At31 March 2025 the Company is not exposedto changes n market interest rates as there are no bank borrowings availed by the Company.
Interest rate risk exposure
Below is the overall exposure of the Company to interest rate risk:
The sensitivity to profit or loss in case of a reasonably possible change in interest rates of /- 50 basis points (previous year: /- 50 basis points),keeping all other variables constant, would have resulted in an impact on profit by ' 4.35 lakhs ( previous year profits by ' 2.10 lakhs).
ii) Assets
The Company’s financial assets are carried at amortized cost and are at fixed rate only. They are, therefore, not subject to interest rate risksinceneither the carrying amount nor the future cash flows will fluctuate because of a change in market interest rates.
E) Price risk
Exposure from investments in mutual funds:
The Company’s exposure to price risk arises from investments in mutual funds held by the Company and classified in the balance sheet as fairvalue through profit or loss. To manage its price risk arising from investments in mutual funds, the Company diversifies its portfolio.Diversification of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the Company.
The sensitivity to profit or loss in case of an increase in price ofthe instrument by 5% keeping all othervariables constant would have resulted inan impact on loss by ' 32.01 lakhs (previous year profit by '33.04 lakhs).
Exposure from trade payables:
The Company’s exposure to price risk also arises from trade payables of the Company that are at unfixed prices, and, therefore, payment issensitive to changes in gold prices. The option to fixgold prices are classified in the balance sheet as fairvalue through profit or loss. The optionto fix gold prices are at unfixed prices to hedge against potential losses in value of inventory of gold held by the Company.
The Company applies fair value hedge for the gold purchased whose price is to be fixed in future. Therefore, there will no impact of thefluctuation in the price of the gold on the Company’s profit for the period.
Note 27 - Capital Management:
The Company’ s capital management objectives are:
to ensure the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern
to provide an adequate return to shareholders
The Company monitors capital on the basis of the carrying amount of equity less cash and cash equivalents as presented on the face ofbalance sheet.
The Management assesses the Company’s capital requirements in order to maintain an efficient overall financing structure while avoidingexcessive leverage. This takes into account the subordination levels of the Company’s various classes of debt. The Company manages thecapital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in the economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlyingassets. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capitalto shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.
Note 31 - Contingent Liabilities Not Provided For:
The Company does not have Contingent Liability at the end of the year.
Note 32 Other statutory information
(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for any Benami property.
(ii) The Company does not have any transaction with companies struck off.
(iii) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period,
(iv) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(v) The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority.
(vi) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities(Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whats oever by or on behalf of thecompany (Ultimate Beneficiaries ) or
(b) provide any guarantee, s ecurity or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
(vii) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whetherrecorded in writing or otherwise) that the Group shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (UltimateBeneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, s ecurity or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
(viii) The Company has not any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income duringthe year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961
Note 33 - The previous year's figures have been regrouped and rearranged wherever necessary to make in compliance with the currentfinancial year.
For Pulindra Patel & Co. For and on behalf of the Board Directors
Chartered Accountants Caprolactam Chemicals Limited
ICAI Firm Registration No. 115187W
Pulindra Patel Dolly Dipesh Shah Mrs. Z. S. Bhanushali Mr. S. S. Bhanushali
Proprietor Company S e cretary Managing Director Director
Mem No. : 048991 MNo:- A38116 DIN- 00663374 DIN- 01721586
UDIN : 25048991BMIBFD1753
Place : Mumbai Place: Mahad
Date : 30/05/2025 Date : 30/05/2025