1. We have audited the accompanying financialstatements of RDB INFRASTRUCTURE AND POWERLIMITED (formerly known as RDB REALTY &INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED) ("the Company"), whichcomprise the Balance Sheet as at 31st March 2025,the Statement of Profit and Loss (including OtherComprehensive Income), the Statement of Cash Flows, the Statement of Changes in Equity and notes to thefinancial statements for the year ended on that dateincluding a summary of significant accounting policiesand other explanatory information (herein afterreferred to as "Financial Statements").
In our opinion and to the best of our informationand according to the explanations given to us, theaforesaid financial statements give the informationrequired by the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") inthe manner so required and give a true and fair viewin conformity with the accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, of the state of affairs of theCompany as at March 31, 2025, its profit (includingOther Comprehensive Income), changes in equity andits cash flows for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
2. We conducted our audit in accordance with the
Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified under section143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under thoseStandards are further described in the Auditor'sResponsibilities for the Audit of the FinancialStatements section of our report. We are independentof the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethicsissued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants ofIndia together with the ethical requirements that arerelevant to our audit of the financial statements underthe provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder,and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilitiesin accordance with these requirements and the Codeof Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we haveobtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide abasis for our opinion.
Key Audit Matters
3. Key Audit Matters are those matters that, in ourprofessional judgment, were of most significance inour audit of the financial statements of the currentperiod. These matters were addressed in the contextof our audit of the financial statements as a whole,and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do notprovide a separate opinion on these matters. We havedetermined the matters described below to be thekey audit matters to be communicated in our report.
Sr. No
Key Audit Matter
Auditor's Response
1
Revenue recognition - accounting forconstruction contracts
There are significant accounting judgementsincluding estimation of costs to complete,determining the stage of completion and thetiming of revenue recognition. The Companyrecognises revenue and profit/loss on the basisof stage of completion based on the proportionof contract costs incurred at balance sheet date,relative to the total estimated costs of the contractat completion. The recognition of revenue andprofit/loss therefore rely on estimates in relationto total estimated costs of each contract. Costcontingencies are included in these estimatesto take into account specific uncertain risks, ordisputed claims against the Company, arisingwithin each contract. These contingencies arereviewed by the Management on a regular basisthroughout the contract life and adjusted whereappropriate.
Principal Audit Procedures
In responding to the identified key audit matter, we
completed the following audit procedures:
• Testing of the design and implementation of controlsinvolved for the determination of the estimates used aswell as their operating effectiveness;
• Testing the relevant information technology systems'access and change management controls relating tocontracts and related information used in recording anddisclosing revenue in accordance with the new revenueaccounting standard;
• Testing a sample of contracts for appropriateidentification of performance obligations;
• For the sample selected, reviewing for change ordersand the impact on the estimated costs to complete;
• Performed analytical procedures for reasonableness ofrevenues disclosed by type and service offerings
Other Information
4. The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for theother information. The other information comprisesthe information included in the ManagementDiscussion and Analysis; Board's Report includingAnnexures to Board Report, Corporate Governanceand Shareholders' Information but does not includethe financial statements and our auditor's reportthereon. The aforesaid documents are expected to bemade available to us after the date of this auditor'sreport.
5. Our opinion on the financial statements does notcover the other information and we do not expressany form of assurance conclusion thereon.
6. In connection with our audit of the financialstatements, our responsibility is to read the otherinformation when it becomes available and, indoing so, consider whether the other information ismaterially inconsistent with the financial statementsor our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwiseappears to be materially misstated.
7. When we read the aforesaid documents, if weconclude that there is a material misstatementtherein, we are required to communicate the mattersto those charged with governance.
Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements
8. The Company's Board of Directors is responsible forthe matters stated in section 134(5) of the CompaniesAct, 2013 ("the Act") with respect to the preparationof these financial statements that give a true and fairview of the financial position, financial performance,changes in equity and cash flows of the Companyin accordance with the accounting principlesgenerally accepted in India, including the accountingStandards specified under section 133 of the Act.This responsibility also includes maintenance ofadequate accounting records in accordance with theprovisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets ofthe Company and for preventing and detecting fraudsand other irregularities; selection and application ofappropriate accounting policies; making judgmentsand estimates that are reasonable and prudent;and design, implementation and maintenance ofadequate internal financial controls, that wereoperating effectively for ensuring the accuracy andcompleteness of the accounting records, relevant tothe preparation and presentation of the financialstatement that give a true and fair view and are freefrom material misstatement, whether due to fraud orerror.
9. In preparing the financial statements, management
is responsible for assessing the Company's ability tocontinue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable,matters related to going concern and using the goingconcern basis of accounting unless managementeither intends to liquidate the Company or to ceaseoperations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
10. The Board of Directors are also responsible foroverseeing the company's financial reporting process.
Auditor's Responsibility for the Audit of the Financial
Statements
11. Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assuranceabout whether the financial statements as a wholeare free from material misstatement, whether due tofraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report thatincludes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a highlevel of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an auditconducted in accordance with SAs will always detect amaterial misstatement when it exists. Misstatementscan arise from fraud or error and are consideredmaterial if, individually or in the aggregate, they couldreasonably be expected to influence the economicdecisions of users taken on the basis of these financialstatements.
12. As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professionalskepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of materialmisstatement of the financial statements,whether due to fraud or error, design andperform audit procedures responsive to thoserisks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficientand appropriate to provide a basis for ouropinion. The risk of not detecting a materialmisstatement resulting from fraud is higherthan for one resulting from error, as fraud mayinvolve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,misrepresentations, or the override of internalcontrol.
• Obtained an understanding of internal controlrelevant to the audit in order to designaudit procedures that are appropriate in thecircumstances. Under Section 143(3) (i) of theCompanies Act, 2013, we are also responsible forexpressing our opinion on whether the companyhas adequate internal financial controls systemin place and the operating effectiveness of suchcontrols.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accountingpolicies used and the reasonableness ofaccounting estimates and related disclosuresmade by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness ofmanagement's use of the going concernbasis of accounting and, based on theaudit evidence obtained, whether amaterial uncertainty exists related toevents or conditions that may castsignificant doubt on the Company'sability to continue as a going concern. Ifwe conclude that a material uncertaintyexists, we are required to draw attentionin our auditor's report to the relateddisclosures in the financial statementsor, if such disclosures are inadequate, tomodify our opinion. Our conclusions arebased on the audit evidence obtainedup to the date of our auditor's report.However, future events or conditions maycause the Company to cease to continueas a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation,
structure and content of the financial
statements, including the disclosures,and whether the financial statementsrepresent the underlying transactions
and events in a manner that achieves fairpresentation.
13. We communicate with those charged with governance
regarding, among other matters, the planned scopeand timing of the audit and significant audit findings,including any significant deficiencies in internal
control that we identify during our audit.
14. We also provide those charged with governance witha statement that we have complied with relevantethical requirements regarding independence, and tocommunicate with them all relationships and othermatters that may reasonably be thought to bear onour independence, and where applicable, relatedsafeguards.
15. From the matters communicated with those chargedwith governance, we determine those matters thatwere of most significance in the audit of the financialstatements of the current period and are thereforethe key audit matters. We describe these matters inour auditor's report unless law or regulation precludespublic disclosure about the matters or when wedetermine that a matter should not be communicatedin our report because the adverse consequences ofdoing so would reasonably be expected to outweighthe public interest benefits of such communication.
16. Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements inthe financial statements that, individually or inaggregate, makes it probable that the economicdecisions of a reasonably knowledgeable user of thefinancial statements may be influenced. We consider
quantitative materiality and qualitative factors in (i)planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluatingthe results of our work; and (ii) to evaluate the effectof any identified misstatements in the financialstatements.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
17. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report)Order, 2020 ("the Order") issued by the CentralGovernment of India in terms of sub -section (11) ofsection 143 of the Act, we give in the Annexure-A, astatement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
18. As required by Section 143 (3) of the Act, we reportthat:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit.
(b) In our opinion, proper books of account asrequired by law have been kept by the Companyso far as it appears from our examination ofthose books.
(c) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit andLoss (including other comprehensive income)and the Cash Flow Statement, Statement ofChanges in Equity dealt with by this report are inagreement with the books of account.
(d) In our opinion, the aforesaid financial statementscomply with the Accounting Standards specifiedunder Section 133 of the Act, read with Rule 7 ofthe Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.
(e) On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors as on 31st March,2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors,none of the directors is disqualified as on 31stMarch, 2025 from being appointed as a directorin terms of Section 164 (2) of the Act;
(f) With respect to the adequacy of the internalfinancial controls over financial reporting of theCompany and the operating effectiveness ofsuch controls, refer to our separate Report in"Annexure B".
(g) With respect to the other matters to be includedin the Auditor's Report in accordance with therequirements of section 197(16) of the Act, asamended:
According to the information and explanationsgiven to us and the records of the Companyexamined by us, the managerial remunerationpaid or provided is in within the prescribed limits
mandated by the provisions of section 197 readwith Schedule V of the Act.
(h) With respect to the other matters to be includedin the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules,2014, in our opinion and to the best of ourinformation and according to the explanationsgiven to us:
a. The Company does not have any pendinglitigations which would impact its financialposition.
b. The Company did not have any long-termcontracts including derivative contracts forwhich there were any material foreseeablelosses.
c. There were no amounts which wererequired to be transferred to the InvestorEducation and Protection Fund by theCompany.
d. (i) The Management has represented
that, to the best of its knowledgeand belief, no funds (which arematerial either individually or inthe aggregate) have been advancedor loaned or invested (either fromborrowed funds or share premium orany other sources or kind of funds)by the Company to or in any otherperson or entity, including foreignentity ("Intermediaries"), with theunderstanding, whether recordedin writing or otherwise, that theIntermediary shall, whether, directlyor indirectly lend or invest in otherpersons or entities identified inany manner whatsoever by or onbehalf of the Company ("UltimateBeneficiaries") or provide anyguarantee, security or the like onbehalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;(ii) The Management has represented,that, to the best of its knowledge
and belief, no funds (which arematerial either individually or in theaggregate) have been received by theCompany from any person or entity,including foreign entity ("FundingParties"), with the understanding,whether recorded in writing orotherwise, that the Company shall,whether, directly or indirectly, lendor invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Funding Party("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provideany guarantee, security or the like onbehalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;(iii) Based on the audit procedures thathave been considered reasonableand appropriate in the circumstances,nothing has come to our notice thathas caused us to believe that therepresentations under sub-clause
(i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as providedunder (i) and (ii) above, contain anymaterial misstatement.
e. The Company has neither proposed anydividend in the previous year or in thecurrent year nor paid any interim dividendduring the year.
f. Based on our examination which includedtest checks, the company has usedaccounting software for maintaining itsbooks of account for the financial yearended March 31, 2025 which have thefeature of recording audit trail (editlog) facility and the same has operatedthroughout the year for all relevanttransactions recorded in the softwaresystems. Further, during the course of ouraudit we did not come across any instanceof audit trail feature being tampered withand the audit trail has been preservedby the Company as per the statutoryrequirements for record retention.
For L. B. Jha & Co.
Chartered AccountantsFirm Registration No: 301088ESd/-
(Ranjan Singh)
Place: Kolkata Partner
Date: 27.05.2025 Membership Number: 305423
UDIN: 25305423BMNYXT2403