Provisions are recognised when the company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probablethat an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are notrecognised for future operating losses.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the presentobligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflectscurrent market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due topassage of time is recognised as interest expense.
A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settleor a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is disclosed as a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities are also disclosedwhen there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence ornon - occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company.
Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may neverbe realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset andis recognised.
The Company recognises government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them shallbe complied with and the grants will be received. Grants related to assets are treated as deferred income and are recognized asother income in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful life of the asset. Grants relatedto revenue are recognized in statement of Profit and Loss under the heading 'Other Income'.
Tax expense is the aggregate amount included in determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax & deferred tax.Current tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
Current tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensiveincome or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in whichapplicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and theircarrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences. Deferred tax asset shall be recognised for the carryforward of unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unusedtax losses can be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realisedor the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensiveincome or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Ind AS 115 was issued on 28th March 2018 and supersedes Ind AS 11 Construction Contracts and Ind AS 18 Revenue and itapplies, with limited exceptions, to all revenue arising from contracts with its customers. Ind AS 115 establishes a five-step modelto account for revenue arising from contracts with customers and requires that revenue be recognised at an amount that reflectsthe consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. It focuseson the identification of performance obligations in a contract and requires revenue to be recognised when or as those performanceobligations are satisfied.
Ind AS 115 requires entities to exercise judgement, taking into consideration all of the relevant facts and circumstances whenapplying each step of the model to contracts with their customers.
The Company adopted Ind AS 115 using the modified retrospective method of adoption with the date of initial application of 1stApril 2018.
In terms of the requirement of the new standard, revenue is recognised net of trade schemes, discounts and incentives payable todistributors/dealers and retailers.
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognizedSale of goods
Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variableconsideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net ofvariable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract
In case of domestic sales, the company believes that the control gets transferred to the customer on dispatch of the goods fromthe factory and in case of exports, revenue is recognised on passage of control as per the terms of contract / incoterms. Variableconsideration in the form of volume rebates is recognized at the time of sale made to the customers and are offset against theamounts payable by them. The adaption of Ind AS 115 did not have significant impact for the company.
For all debt instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the ratethat exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorterperiod, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. Interestincome is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholder's rights to receive payment have been established.Insurance Claims
Insurance and other claims are accounted for as and when settled.
Transactions in Foreign currency are initially recorded at the exchange rate at which the transaction is carried out.
Monetary Assets and Liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the year-end are translated at theyear-end rate.
In case of items which are covered by forward exchange contracts, the premium or discount on forward exchange contracts isamortised over the period of the respective contract.
Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on settlement or on translation at the year-end is recognised inthe Statement of Profit and Loss.
Borrowings costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantialperiod of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs areexpensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connectionwith the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to theinterest costs.
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the company, by the weighted average numberof shares outstanding during the financial year.
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account the afterincome tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares and the weighted averagenumber of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interestmethod, less provision for impairment. In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) modelfor measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the trade receivables. The Company follows "simplified approach" forrecognition of impairment loss allowances on trade receivables.
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an originalmaturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as definedabove, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the company's cash management.
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the company prior to the end of financial year whichare unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within the credit period allowed. Trade and other payables arepresented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. Long term trade payables arerecognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Disclosure of transactions with related parties, as required by Ind AS 24 "Related Party Disclosures" has been set out in a separatenote. Related parties as defined under Clause 9 of Ind AS 24 have been identified on the basis of representations made by themanagement and information available with the company.
2.1 Changes in accounting policies and disclosuresNew and amended standards
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (IndianAccounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2025, MCA has not notified any newstandards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.
(e) The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of H10 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitledto one vote per share. The holders of equity shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time. In the eventof liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, afterdistribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.
(f) Issue of Equity Shares and Warrants through Preferential allotment: -
During the year ended 31st March 2024, the company made following preferential allotment to non promoters on 27th March 2024
1. 11,77,336 equity shares, having face value of H10/- each, at a price of H203 per Equity Share at a premium of H193 perEquity Share aggregating to H2389.99 Lakh.
2. 9,85,220 warrants, each carrying a right to subscribe to 1 (One) Equity Share of H10 each at an issue price of H203 perwarrant aggregating to H1999.99 Lakh, upon receipt of 25% of issue price of H50.75 per warrant amounting to H499.99towards warrant subscription money. The remaining consideration of 75% of the issue price H152.25 per warrant amountingto H1500 shall be payable at any time within 18 months in one or more tranches from the date of allotment of the warrantsi,e 27th March 2024. The amount received against warrants shall be adjusted/ set off against the issue price for the resultantequity share.
(g) The proceeds of the issue has been utilized towards working capital requirement and general corporate purposes.
(h) There are 985220 (Previous year 985220) securities convertible into Equity shares.
(i) No shares were forfeited during the year or during the previous year. 5625 equity shares of H10/- on which H5/- each had beenpaid up, were forfeited in the year 1995-1996 and 1996-1997
(j) No class of shares has been issued as bonus shares or for consideration other than cash by the Company during the period of fiveyears immediately preceeding the current year end.
(a) Working capital loan are secured by hypothecation of present & future stocks and book debts and first charge on the Company'simmovable properties situated at Rajkot (Gujarat) by deposit of title deeds and also by second charge on all plant & machinery andother fixed assets of the Company, both present & future, and are additionally secured by personal guarantees of the Chairman.
(b) Working capital loan from bank carry interest rate ranging from 9.25% p.a. - 14.65% p.a. (31st March 2024: 9.25% p.a. - 14.75%p.a.) computed on the daily basis on the actual amount utilized and are repayable on demand.
(c) Unsecured loan from entities other than bank carry interest rate from 9.00% p.a. - 15.00% p.a. (31st March 2024: 9.00% p.a. -15.00% ) The said loan has been taken for financing the working capital requirement
(d) During the year the Company has not defaulted on any repayment of the borrowing or interest payable thereon.
7. Financial risk management objectives and policies
The Company's principal financial liabilities comprise loans and borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of thesefinancial liabilities is to finance the Company's operations and to support its operations. The Company's financial assets includeInvestments, trade and other receivables, and cash & cash equivalents that derive directly from its operations.
The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The company's senior management oversees the managementof these risks. The company's senior management is supported by a financial risk committee that advises on financial risks andthe appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company. This financial risk committee provides assurance to theCompany's senior management that the Company's financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedureand that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company's policies and risk objectives. Themanagement reviews and agrees policies for managing each risk, which are summarised as below:
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in marketprices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risks. Financial instruments affectedby market risk include Trade payables and borrowings in foreign currencies.
a) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in marketinterest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's longterm debt obligations with floating interest rates. The Company is carrying its borrowings primarily at variable rate. The Companyexpects the variable rate to decline, accordingly the Company is currently carrying its loans at variable and Fixed interest rates.
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to afinancial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables).
Customer credit risk is managed by each business location subject to the Company's established policy, procedures and controlrelating to customer credit risk management. Credit quality of a customer is assessed and individual credit limits are defined inaccordance with the assessment both in terms of number of days and amount.
An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for major clients. In addtion, a large numberof minor receivables are grouped into homogenous groups and assessed for impairment collectively. The maximum exposure tocredit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of financial assets disclosed in Note 10. The Company does nothold collateral as security.
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Company's treasury department in accordancewith the Company's policy. Investment of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within credit limitsassigned to each counterparty. The Company's maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the balance sheet at 31stMarch 2025 and 31st March 2024 is the carrying amount as illustrated in Note 40(7).
Post employment and other long-term employee benefits in the form of gratuity, sick leave and earned leave encashment areconsidered as defined benefit obligation. The present value of obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using projectedunit credit method as at the Balance Sheet date. The amount of defined benefits recognized in the balance sheet represent thepresent value of the obligation as adjusted for unrecognized past service cost, and as reduced by the fair value of plan assets.
Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to the discounted value of any economic benefits available in the form of refundsfrom the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. The amounts recognised in the Profit & Loss Statement and Balancesheet and the movements in the net defined benefit obligation over the year are as follows:
15. The company does not have any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered ordisclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act 1961(such as search or survey or any otherrelevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961)
16. The company has not traded or invested in Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
17. The Company has borrowing limits sanctioned from banks on the basis of security of current assets. The quarterly returns orstatements filed by the company with banks are in agreement with the books of accounts.
18. The company is not declared as wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution (as defined under the Companies Act, 2013)or consortium thereof or other lender in accordance with the guidelines on willful defaulters issued by the Reserve Bank of India.
19. There has been no delay in Charges or satisfaction to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
20 .The Company does not have any transactions with struck off companies under Companies Act, 2013 or Companies Act, 1956,
during the year.
21 .As per Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, a company, meeting the applicability threshold, needs to spend at least 2% of
its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Theareas for CSR activities are promoting education, promoting gender equality by empowering women, healthcare, environmentsustainability, art and culture, destitute care and rehabilitation, disaster relief, COVID-19 relief and rural development projects.Forthe year ending March 31,2025, CSR provisions are not applicable to the Company.
22 .The company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities(Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall: -
a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of theCompany (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. provided any gurantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
The company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with theunderstanding(whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall: -
a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of theCompany (Ultimate Beneficiaries) orw
23. The Company has utilised the fund borrowed from banks and financial institutions for the purpose it was taken.
24. Disclosure under Schedule V to the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirments) Regulations, 2015 :
There are no transactions (except related party transactions) which are required to be disclosed under Schedule V to the SEBI(Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirments) Regulations, 2015.
25. The previous year's figures have been reworked, regrouped, rearranged and reclassified wherever necessary. Amounts and otherdisclosures for the preceding year are included as an integral part of the current year financial statements and are to be read inrelation to the amounts and other disclosures relating to the current year.
As per our report of even date attached.
Chartered Accountants
Chief Financial Officer Managing Director & CEO
DIN:03120474
(Membership No. 301571)
Place of Signature: Kolkata Company Secretary Independent Director
Date : 13th May 2025 DIN: 07090308