We have audited the standalone financial statements ofTata Motors Limited (formerly TML Commercial VehiclesLimited) (the "Company") and its joint operation (including itssubsidiary company) which comprise the standalone balancesheet as at 31 March 2026, and the standalone statementof profit and loss (including other comprehensive income),standalone statement of changes in equity and standalonestatement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notesto the standalone financial statements, including materialaccounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and accordingto the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalonefinancial statements give the information required by theCompanies Act, 2013 ("Act") in the manner so required andgive a true and fair view in conformity with the accountingprinciples generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs ofthe Company as at 31 March 2026, and its profit and othercomprehensive loss, changes in equity and its cash flows forthe year ended on that date.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standardson Auditing (SAs) specified under Section 143(10) of the Act.Our responsibilities under those SAs are further described inthe Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the StandaloneFinancial Statements section of our report. We are independentof the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued bythe Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together withthe ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of thestandalone financial statements under the provisions of theAct and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our otherethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirementsand the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence wehave obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basisfor our opinion on the standalone financial statements.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalonefinancial statements of the current period. These matters wereaddressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financialstatements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, andwe do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
See Note 50 to the standalone financial statements
The key audit matter
How the matter was addressed in our audit
During the current year, Tata Motors Passenger VehiclesLimited (formerly Tata Motors Limited) ("TMPVL" or the"Demerged Company") transferred its Commercial VehiclesBusiness ("Demerged Undertaking") to Tata Motors Limited(formerly TML Commercial Vehicles Limited) ("TML" orthe "Company") pursuant to a Composite Scheme ofArrangement amongst TMPVL, the Company and TataMotors Passenger Vehicles Limited ('the Scheme').
The Scheme was approved by the Hon'ble National CompanyLaw Tribunal ("NCLT"), Mumbai Bench, vide its order dated25 August 2025. The appointed date of the Scheme is 1 July2025 and the effective date is 1 October 2025.
In accordance with Appendix C to Ind AS 103 - BusinessCombinations and the accounting treatment prescribedin the Scheme, the Company has recorded all assets andliabilities (including the related components of other equity)pertaining to the Demerged Undertaking at their respectivecarrying amounts as appearing in the books of account ofthe Demerged Company with effect from the appointeddate. Consequently, the Company has restated its previousperiod financial statements from 1 July 2024 to recognizethe effect of the above business combination.
In view of the significance of the matter, we applied the following
audit procedures in this area :
• Obtained an understanding of the key terms and conditions ofthe Scheme and the final order passed by the Hon'ble NCLT.
• Evaluated the design and implementation and tested theoperating effectiveness of controls relating to identification,recording and disclosures of assets, liabilities and relatedequity balances of Demerged Undertaking according to theaccounting treatment mentioned in the Scheme.
• Obtained and evaluated the Company's assessment of theaccounting, tax and disclosure requirements applicable to thetransfer of the Demerged Undertaking, including the opinionobtained from the Company's tax advisors, and assessed thecompetence and objectivity of management's expert.
• Examined the Company's calculations of the financialinformation relating to the Demerged Undertaking, as extractedfrom the underlying financial statements of the
The transfer of the Demerged Undertaking has a significantimpact on the measurement and disclosures in theCompany's standalone financial statements. The accountinginvolves identification of assets, liabilities and relatedequity balances transferred under the Scheme, whichrequires certain judgements and assumptions, and ensuringappropriate disclosures in accordance with the applicableIndian Accounting Standards (Ind AS).
Given the unusual and non routine nature of the transactionand its significance to the standalone financial statementsof the Company, we have identified the accounting for thetransfer of the Demerged Undertaking as a key audit matter.
Demerged Company, and agreed the assets, liabilities andrelated equity balances recorded in the Company's books ofaccount with such information. Evaluated the reasonablenessof the judgements and assumptions used by the Companyin the identification of assets, liabilities and related equitybalances transferred under the Scheme.
• Assessed that the accounting treatment applied to the transferof the Demerged Undertaking is consistent with the accountingtreatment specified in the Scheme.
• Evaluated the adequacy of disclosures made in the stand alonefinancial statements with respect to accounting of Scheme inaccordance with the requirements of the applicable Ind AS.
Provision for Warranty
See Note 27 to the standalone financial statements
The Company incurs a liability for warranty contractson new vehicle sales, in terms of which it is obligated toprovide repair services for manufacturing defects over thecontractual warranty period. As detailed in note 27 of thestandalone financial statements, as at 31 March 2026, theCompany has warranty provisions of H3,153 crores.
The Company records a warranty provision which involvescomplexity, judgement and significant level of uncertainty.The computation of the provision considers the historicalactual claims data and the recent data trends to estimatethe expected payments for vehicles sold in respectiveyears. Such expected payments are adjusted for any costsavings expected from various ongoing quality initiatives.There is an inherent uncertainty related to future eventswhich may not mirror past experience. The likelihood ofrisk of material misstatement has further increased due toincreasing warranty spend in the year which has divergedfrom provision levels.
We determined provision for product warranty as a key auditmatter due to high estimation uncertainty and involvementof significant judgement.
In view of the significance of the matter we applied the following
audit procedures in this area -
• Evaluated the design and implementation and tested theoperating effectiveness of controls related to computation andapproval of the warranty provisions. This included evaluationof assumptions related to expected warranty cost per vehicleand future events related to expected cost savings underlyingthe warranty provision calculation.
• Evaluated any changes made to the provision policy andcomputation model.
• Assessed and challenged the assumptions and recomputed theinputs used in warranty provision computations.
• Identified and tested the completeness and accuracy ofunderlying information used in computation of provision withthe assistance of our Information technology specialists.
• Tested actualization of estimated warranty provision usingstatistical sampling.
• Performed retrospective assessment of provision by comparingestimated and actual payments against warranty claims.
• Performed sensitivity analysis to assess the reasonablenessof management's assumptions underlying the estimation ofanticipated warranty payments; and
• Evaluated the adequacy of disclosures relating to the estimationof Product warranty provisions.
The Company's Management and Board of Directors areresponsible for the other information. The other informationcomprises the information included in the annual report, butdoes not include the financial statements and auditor's reportthereon. The annual report is expected to be made available tous after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does notcover the other information and we will not express any formof assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financialstatements, our responsibility is to read the other informationidentified above when it becomes available and, in doingso, consider whether the other information is materiallyinconsistent with the standalone financial statements or ourknowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to bematerially misstated.
When we read the annnual report, if we conclude thatthere is a material misstatement therein, we are required tocommunicate the matter to those charged with governanceand take necessary actions, as applicable under the relevantlaws and regulations.
The Company's Management and Board of Directors areresponsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Actwith respect to the preparation of these standalone financialstatements that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs,profit/ loss and other comprehensive income, changes inequity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with theaccounting principles generally accepted in India, including theIndian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section133 of the Act. The respective Management and Board ofDirectors of the Company and its joint operation (includingits subsidiary company) are responsible for maintenance ofadequate accounting records in accordance with the provisionsof the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company andits joint operation (including its subsidiary company) and forpreventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities;selectionand application of appropriate accounting policies; makingjudgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; anddesign, implementation and maintenance of adequate internalfinancial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuringthe accuracy and completeness of the accounting records,relevant to the preparation and presentation of the standalonefinancial statements that give a true and fair view and are freefrom material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, the respectiveManagement and Board of Directors are responsible for assessingthe ability of each company to continue as a going concern,disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern andusing the going concern basis of accounting unless the respectiveBoard of Directors either intends to liquidate the company or tocease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The respective Board of Directors are responsible for overseeingthe financial reporting process of each company.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance aboutwhether the standalone financial statements as a wholeare free from material misstatement, whether due to fraudor error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes ouropinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance,but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordancewith SAs will always detect a material misstatement when itexists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and areconsidered material if, individually or in the aggregate, theycould reasonably be expected to influence the economicdecisions of users taken on the basis of these standalonefinancial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professional skepticismthroughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement ofthe standalone financial statements, whether due to fraudor error, design and perform audit procedures responsiveto those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficientand appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The riskof not detecting a material misstatement resulting fromfraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraudmay involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions,misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant tothe audit in order to design audit procedures that areappropriate in the circumstances. Under Section 143(3)
(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing ouropinion on whether the company has adequate internalfinancial controls with reference to financial statementsin place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policiesused and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesand related disclosures made by the Management andBoard of Directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Managementand Board of Directors use of the going concern basisof accounting in preparation of standalone financialstatements and, based on the audit evidence obtained,whether a material uncertainty exists related to eventsor conditions that may cast significant doubt on theCompany's ability to continue as a going concern. Ifwe conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we arerequired to draw attention in our auditor's report to therelated disclosures in the standalone financial statementsor, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify ouropinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidenceobtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However,future events or conditions may cause the Company tocease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and contentof the standalone financial statements, including thedisclosures, and whether the standalone financialstatements represent the underlying transactions andevents in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance of theCompany and such other entities included in the standalonefinancial statements of which we are the independent auditorsregarding, among other matters, the planned scope andtiming of the audit and significant audit findings, includingany significant deficiencies in internal control that we identifyduring our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with astatement that we have complied with relevant ethicalrequirements regarding independence, and to communicatewith them all relationships and other matters that mayreasonably be thought to bear on our independence, andwhere applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were of mostsignificance in the audit of the standalone financial statementsof the current period and are therefore the key audit matters.We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless lawor regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter orwhen, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that amatter should not be communicated in our report becausethe adverse consequences of doing so would reasonablybe expected to outweigh the public interest benefits ofsuch communication.
Corresponding figures (which includes financial positionand financial performance of commercial vehicles businesstransferred to the Company pursuant to the Scheme) as atand for the period ended 31 March 2025 included in thesestandalone financial statements have not been audited.
Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order,2020 ("the Order") issued by the Central Government ofIndia in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give inthe "Annexure A" a statement on the matters specified inparagraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2 A. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act,we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all theinformation and explanations which to the bestof our knowledge and belief were necessary forthe purposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account asrequired by law have been kept by the Companyso far as it appears from our examination ofthose books except for the matters statedin the paragraph 2(B)(f) below on reportingunder Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit andAuditors) Rules, 2014.
c. The standalone balance sheet, the standalonestatement of profit and loss (including othercomprehensive income), the standalonestatement of changes in equity and the standalonestatement of cash flows dealt with by this Reportare in agreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid standalonefinancial statements comply with the Ind ASspecified under Section 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors of the Companyand its joint operation (including its subsidiarycompany) on 1 April 2026 and 9 April 2026taken on record by the respective Board ofDirectors, none of the directors is disqualifiedas on 31 March 2026 from being appointed asa director in terms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
f. the modification relating to the maintenanceof accounts and other matters connectedtherewith are as stated in the paragraph 2(A)(b) above on reporting under Section 143(3)(b) of the Act and paragraph 2B(f) below onreporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies(Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internalfinancial controls with reference to financialstatements of the Company and its jointoperation (including its subsidiary company)incorporated in India and the operatingeffectiveness of such controls, refer to ourseparate Report in "Annexure B".
B. With respect to the other matters to be included inthe Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 ofthe Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, inour opinion and to the best of our information andaccording to the explanations given to us:
a. The Company has disclosed the impact ofpending litigations as at 31 March 2026 on itsfinancial position in its standalone financialstatements - Refer Note 39 to the standalonefinancial statements.
b. The Company did not have any long-term contractsincluding derivative contracts for which there wereany material foreseeable losses.
c. There were no amounts which were requiredto be transferred to the Investor Education andProtection Fund by the Company or its jointoperation (including its subsidiary company)incorporated in India.
d (i) The respective management of theCompany and its joint operation (includingits subsidiary company) incorporated inIndia whose financial statements has beenaudited under the Act has representedto us that, to the best of its knowledgeand belief, other than as disclosed in theNote 49 (IV) to the standalone financialstatements, no funds have been advancedor loaned or invested (either fromborrowed funds or share premium or anyother sources or kind of funds) by theCompany and its joint operation (includingits subsidiary company) to or in anyother person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries"), withthe understanding, whether recordedin writing or otherwise, that theIntermediary shall directly or indirectlylend or invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Company and itsjoint operation (including its subsidiarycompany) ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") orprovide any guarantee, security or the likeon behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(ii) The respective management of theCompany and its joint operation (includingits subsidiary company) incorporatedin India whose financial statementshas been audited under the Act hasrepresented to us that, to the best of itsknowledge and belief, as disclosed in theNote 49 (V) to the standalone financialstatements, no funds have been receivedby the Company and its joint operation(including its subsidiary company) fromany person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Funding Parties"), withthe understanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Companyand its joint operation (including itssubsidiary company) shall directly orindirectly, lend or invest in other personsor entities identified in any mannerwhatsoever by or on behalf of the FundingParties ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") orprovide any guarantee, security or the likeon behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures thathave been considered reasonable andappropriate in the circumstances, nothinghas come to our notice that has caused usto believe that the representations undersub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), asprovided under (i) and (ii) above, containany material misstatement.
e. As stated in Note 21(B)(g) to the standalonefinancial statements, the Board of Directorsof the Company has proposed final dividendfor the year which is subject to the approvalof the members at the ensuing AnnualGeneral Meeting. The dividend declared is inaccordance with Section 123 of the Act to theextent it applies to declaration of dividend.
The interim dividend declared and paid by thejoint operation during the year is in accordancewith Section 123 of the Act.
f. Based on our examination which included testchecks, except for the instances mentionedbelow, the Company and its joint operation(including its subsidiary company) have usedaccounting softwares for maintaining its booksof account which, along with privilege accessmanagement tool, wherever applicable, have afeature of recording audit trail (edit log) facilityand the same has operated throughout theyear for all relevant transactions recorded inthe respective softwares:
i. In respect of the Company, the feature ofrecording audit trail (edit log) facility wasenabled at the database level to log anydirect data changes for the accountingsoftware used for maintaining generalledger on 4th October 2025, post migrationto a new software from 1st October 2025.
ii. In respect of the Company, the featureof recording audit trail (edit log) facilitywas not enabled at the databaselevel to log any direct data changesfor the accounting softwares usedfor maintaining price master, variablemarketing expenses and time records forproduct development cost.
iii. In respect of the Company, in theabsence of coverage of audit trail (editlog) with respect to database level in theindependent auditor's report in relationto controls at the service organization foraccounting software used for preparationof financial statements, which is operated
by third party software service provider,we are unable to comment whetherthe audit trail feature of the databaselevel of the said software was enabledand operated throughout the yearfor all relevant transactions recordedin the software.
iv. In respect of the joint operation(including its subsidiary company), for theaccounting software used for maintainingthe books of account relating to generalledger, the audit trail feature (edit log)facility was not enabled in respect ofdirect create action at the database levelfrom 1 April 2025 to 18 June 2025.
Further, where audit trail (edit log)facility was enabled, for the period ofits operation and use, we did not comeacross any instance of the audit trailfeature being tampered with.
Further, this being the first year ofbusiness operations of the Company,pursuant to the Scheme, statutory recordretention requirements of audit trail ofprevious years is not applicable.
Additionally, in respect of the Jointoperation (including its subsidiarycompany), where audit trail (edit log)facility was enabled and operated inthe previous year, the audit trail hasbeen preserved by the joint operation(including its subsidiary company) asper the statutory requirements forrecord retention.
C. With respect to the matter to be included in theAuditor's Report under Section 197(16) of the Act:
In our opinion and according to the information andexplanations given to us, the remuneration paid bythe Company to its directors during the current yearis in accordance with the provisions of Section 197of the Act. The remuneration paid to any directorby the Company is not in excess of the limit laiddown under Section 197 of the Act. The Ministry ofCorporate Affairs has not prescribed other detailsunder Section 197(16) of the Act which are requiredto be commented upon by us.
Further, with respect to the joint operation(including its subsidiary company) included in thestandalone financial statements, in our opinion andaccording to the information and explanations givento us, the provisions of Section 197 of the Act arenot applicable to the joint operation (including itssubsidiary company) incorporated in India since it isnot a public company.
For B S R & Co. LLP
Chartered AccountantsFirm's Registration No.:101248W/W-100022
Vijay Mathur
Partner
Place: Mumbai Membership No.: 046476
Date: 13 May 2026 ICAI UDIN:26046476OVOSMX6625