Revenue recognition - Fixed price contracts where revenue is recognized using percentage of completion method
See Note 21 to standalone financial statements
The key audit matter
How the matter was addressed in our audit
The Company enters into fixed-price contracts with its
We performed the following audit procedures to obtain sufficient
customers where the revenue from each contract is recognized
audit evidence:
based on percentage of completion. This involves computationof actual cost incurred and estimation of total cost on eachcontract to measure progress towards completion (the inputmethod).
Accuracy and existence of revenue recognition in respect offixed price contracts has been identified as key audit matterconsidering below:
• Obtained an understanding of the systems and processesand evaluated the design and implementation and testedthe operating effectiveness of key internal financial controls
implemented by the Company with respect to:
« recognition of actual cost incurred on each contract(including allocation and apportionment),
• there is an inherent risk and presumed fraud risk around the
« estimation of future cost to complete,
accuracy and existence of revenues recognised consideringthe customised and complex nature of these contracts andsignificant inputs of IT systems,
« estimation of provision for onerous contract,
« recognition of contract assets and contract liability,
• these contracts involve identification of actual cost incurred
« the total contract revenue on its completion.
on each contract including allocation and apportionment,
• these contracts require estimation of future cost-to-
• Involved our Information Technology specialists (STM) to
completion of each contract as well as critical estimates to
assess the design and implementation and test the operating
make provision for onerous contract,
effectiveness of IT controls relating to revenue recognition
• application of the revenue recognition accounting standard
and in particular the following:
is complex as there is judgement involved in identification
« The IT environment in which the business systems operate
of distinct performance obligations and determination of
including access controls, program change controls,
transaction price for such performance obligations,
program development controls and IT operation controls :
• Contracts are subject to modification to account for
« The application controls pertaining to time recording and
changes in contract specification and requirements,
• At year-end, contract assets and contract liabilities
budgeting systems which prevents unauthorised changesto recording of costs and revenue.
(unearned revenue) related to each contract is to beidentified.
• For selected samples of fixed contracts:
« Tested the contractual terms to assess the performance
(Refer note 2.1.(iv).(e), 2.3 and 21 to the standalone financialstatements).
obligation and the basis for revenue recognition,
« Tested the approval for estimates of cost to completionby authorised personnel of the Company,
« Carried out a retrospective analysis of costs incurred withestimated costs to identify any significant variations,
« Tested if the variations have been considered in estimatingthe remaining costs to complete the contract,
« Tested the contract assets and contract liabilities onbalance sheet with the underlying documentation toidentify possible delays in achieving milestones whichmay require change in estimated costs to complete theremaining performance obligations.
• Tested adequacy of provision in respect of onerous contracts
We have audited the standalone financial statementsof Tata Technologies Limited (the "Company") whichcomprise the standalone balance sheet as at 31 March2026, and the standalone statement of profit and loss(including other comprehensive income), standalonestatement of changes in equity and standalone statementof cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to thestandalone financial statements, including materialaccounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information andaccording to the explanations given to us, the aforesaidstandalone financial statements give the informationrequired by the Companies Act, 2013 ("Act") in the mannerso required and give a true and fair view in conformity withthe accounting principles generally accepted in India, ofthe state of affairs of the Company as at 31 March 2026,and its profit and other comprehensive income, changes inequity and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
We conducted our audit in accordance with theStandards on Auditing (SAs) specified under Section143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those SAsare further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities forthe Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements sectionof our report. We are independent of the Company inaccordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Instituteof Chartered Accountants of India together with theethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of thestandalone financial statements under the provisions ofthe Act and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilledour other ethical responsibilities in accordance withthese requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believethat the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficientand appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on thestandalone financial statements.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in ourprofessional judgment, were of most significance in ouraudit of the standalone financial statements of the currentperiod. These matters were addressed in the context ofour audit of the standalone financial statements as awhole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do notprovide a separate opinion on these matters.
The Company's Management and Board of Directorsare responsible for the other information. The otherinformation comprises the information included inthe annual report, but does not include the financialstatements and auditor's report(s) thereon. The annualreport is expected to be made available to us after thedate of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements doesnot cover the other information and we will not expressany form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financialstatements, our responsibility is to read the otherinformation identified above when it becomes availableand, in doing so, consider whether the other informationis materially inconsistent with the standalone financialstatements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, orotherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the annual report, if we conclude thatthere is a material misstatement therein, we are required
to communicate the matter to those charged withgovernance and take necessary actions, as applicableunder the relevant laws and regulations.
The Company's Management and Board of Directors areresponsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of theAct with respect to the preparation of these standalonefinancial statements that give a true and fair view of thestate of affairs, profit/loss and other comprehensiveincome, changes in equity and cash flows of the Companyin accordance with the accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, including the Indian AccountingStandards (Ind AS) specified under Section 133 of the Act.This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequateaccounting records in accordance with the provisions ofthe Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Companyand for preventing and detecting frauds and otherirregularities: selection and application of appropriateaccounting policies: making judgments and estimates thatare reasonable and prudent: and design, implementation
and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls,that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracyand completeness of the accounting records, relevantto the preparation and presentation of the standalonefinancial statements that give a true and fair view and arefree from material misstatement, whether due to fraudor error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, theManagement and Board of Directors are responsiblefor assessing the Company's ability to continue as agoing concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters relatedto going concern and using the going concern basis ofaccounting unless the Board of Directors either intendsto liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or hasno realistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeingthe Company's financial reporting process.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance aboutwhether the standalone financial statements as a wholeare free from material misstatement, whether due to fraudor error, and to issue an auditor's report that includesour opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level ofassurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conductedin accordance with SAs will always detect a materialmisstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise fromfraud or error and are considered material if, individuallyor in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expectedto influence the economic decisions of users taken on thebasis of these standalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professionalskepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatementof the standalone financial statements, whetherdue to fraud or error, design and perform auditprocedures responsive to those risks, and obtainaudit evidence that is sufficient and appropriateto provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of notdetecting a material misstatement resulting fromfraud is higher than for one resulting from error,as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentionalomissions, misrepresentations, or the override ofinternal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevantto the audit in order to design audit procedures that
are appropriate in the circumstances. Under Section143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible forexpressing our opinion on whether the company hasadequate internal financial controls with referenceto financial statements in place and the operatingeffectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policiesused and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesand related disclosures made by the Managementand Board of Directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Managementand Board of Directors use of the going concernbasis of accounting in preparation of standalonefinancial statements and, based on the auditevidence obtained, whether a material uncertaintyexists related to events or conditions that maycast significant doubt on the Company's ability tocontinue as a going concern. If we conclude thata material uncertainty exists, we are required todraw attention in our auditor's report to the relateddisclosures in the standalone financial statementsor, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modifyour opinion. Our conclusions are based on the auditevidence obtained up to the date of our auditor'sreport. However, future events or conditions maycause the Company to cease to continue as agoing concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure andcontent of the standalone financial statements,including the disclosures, and whether the standalonefinancial statements represent the underlyingtransactions and events in a manner that achievesfair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governanceregarding, among other matters, the planned scope andtiming of the audit and significant audit findings, includingany significant deficiencies in internal control that weidentify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance witha statement that we have complied with relevantethical requirements regarding independence, and tocommunicate with them all relationships and othermatters that may reasonably be thought to bear on ourindependence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were ofmost significance in the audit of the standalone financial
statements of the current period and are therefore thekey audit matters. We describe these matters in ourauditor's report unless law or regulation precludes publicdisclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rarecircumstances, we determine that a matter should notbe communicated in our report because the adverseconsequences of doing so would reasonably beexpected to outweigh the public interest benefits ofsuch communication.
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report)Order, 2020 ("the Order") issued by the CentralGovernment of India in terms of Section 143(11) of theAct, we give in the "Annexure A" a statement on thematters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order,to the extent applicable.
2 A. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we
report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all theinformation and explanations which tothe best of our knowledge and belief werenecessary for the purposes of our audit.
b. I n our opinion, proper books of accountas required by law have been kept by theCompany so far as it appears from ourexamination of those books except for thematters stated in the paragraph 2(B)(f)below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of theCompanies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
c. The standalone balance sheet, thestandalone statement of profit and loss(including other comprehensive income),the standalone statement of changes inequity and the standalone statement ofcash flows dealt with by this Report are inagreement with the books of account.
d. I n our opinion, the aforesaid standalonefinancial statements comply with the IndAS specified under Section 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors as on 1 April2026 and 10 April 2026 taken on record bythe Board of Directors, none of the directorsis disqualified as on 31 March 2026 frombeing appointed as a director in terms ofSection 164(2) of the Act.
f. the modification relating to the maintenanceof accounts and other matters connectedtherewith are as stated in the paragraph2(A)(b) above on reporting under Section143(3)(b) of the Act and paragraph 2B(f)below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of theCompanies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
g. With respect to the adequacy of theinternal financial controls with referenceto financial statements of the Companyand the operating effectiveness of suchcontrols, refer to our separate Report in"Annexure B".
B. With respect to the other matters to be includedin the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules,2014, in our opinion and to the best of ourinformation and according to the explanationsgiven to us:
a. The Company has disclosed the impactof pending litigations as at 31 March 2026on its financial position in its standalonefinancial statements - Refer Note 28 to thestandalone financial statements.
b. The Company did not have any long-termcontracts including derivative contractsfor which there were any materialforeseeable losses.
c. There has been no delay in transferringamounts, required to be transferred, to theInvestor Education and Protection Fund bythe Company.
d (i) The management has representedthat, to the best of its knowledgeand belief, as disclosed in the Note36(f)(vii) to the standalone financialstatements, no funds have beenadvanced or loaned or invested(either from borrowed funds or sharepremium or any other sources or kindof funds) by the Company to or in anyother person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries"), withthe understanding, whether recordedin writing or otherwise, that theIntermediary shall directly or indirectlylend or invest in other persons or
entities identified in any mannerwhatsoever by or on behalf of theCompany ("Ultimate Beneficiaries")or provide any guarantee, securityor the like on behalf of theUltimate Beneficiaries.
(ii) The management has represented that,to the best of its knowledge and belief,as disclosed in the Note 36(f)(vii) tothe standalone financial statements,no funds have been received bythe Company from any person(s)or entity(ies), including foreignentities ("Funding Parties"), with theunderstanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Companyshall directly or indirectly, lend orinvest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Funding Parties("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provideany guarantee, security or the like onbehalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures thathave been considered reasonableand appropriate in the circumstances,nothing has come to our notice thathas caused us to believe that therepresentations under sub-clause(i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as providedunder (i) and (ii) above, contain anymaterial misstatement.
e. The final dividend paid by the Companyduring the year, in respect of the samedeclared for the previous year, is inaccordance with Section 123 of the Act tothe extent it applies to payment of dividend.
As stated in Note 36(b) to the standalonefinancial statements, the Board of Directorsof the Company have proposed finaldividend for the year which is subject tothe approval of the members at the ensuingAnnual General Meeting. The dividenddeclared is in accordance with Section123 of the Act to the extent it applies todeclaration of dividend.
f. Based on our examination which includedtest checks, the Company has used anaccounting software for maintaining itsbooks of account which has a feature ofrecording audit trail (edit log) facility exceptthat audit trail was not enabled at databaselevel to log any direct changes for theaccounting software used for maintainingbooks of account. For accounting softwarefor which audit trail feature is enabled,the audit trail facility has been operatingthroughout the year for all relevanttransactions recorded in the softwareand we did not come across any instanceof audit trail feature being tampered withduring the course of our audit. Additionally,where audit trail (edit log) facility wasenabled and operated in the previousyears, the audit trail has been preservedby the Company as per the statutoryrequirements for record retention.
C. With respect to the matter to be included inthe Auditor's Report under Section 197(16) ofthe Act:
In our opinion and according to the informationand explanations given to us, the remunerationpaid/payable by the Company to its directorsduring the current year is in accordance withthe provisions of Section 197 of the Act. Theremuneration paid/payable to any director is notin excess of the limit laid down under Section197 of the Act. The Ministry of Corporate Affairshas not prescribed other details under Section197(16) of the Act which are required to becommented upon by us.
Chartered AccountantsFirm's Registration No.:101248W/W-100022
Partner
Place: Mumbai Membership No.: 113896
Date: 04 May 2026 ICAI UDIN: 26113896WWHBMP5153