We have audited the standalone financial statements ofTata Motors Limited (the "Company"), its joint operation(including its subsidiary company) and its Trust whichcomprise the standalone balance sheet as at 31 March 2025,and the standalone statement of profit and loss (includingother comprehensive income), standalone statement ofchanges in equity and standalone statement of cash flows forthe year then ended, and notes to the standalone financialstatements, including material accounting policies and otherexplanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and accordingto the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalonefinancial statements give the information required by theCompanies Act, 2013 ("Act") in the manner so required andgive a true and fair view in conformity with the accountingprinciples generally accepted in India, of the state of affairsof the Company as at 31 March 2025, and its profit and othercomprehensive income, changes in equity and its cash flowsfor the year ended on that date.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standardson Auditing (SAs) specified under Section 143(10) of the Act.Our responsibilities under those SAs are further described inthe Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the StandaloneFinancial Statements section of our report. We areindependent of the Company in accordance with the Codeof Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants ofIndia together with the ethical requirements that are relevantto our audit of the standalone financial statements underthe provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, and wehave fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordancewith these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believethat the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficientand appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on thestandalone financial statements.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgment, were of most significance in our audit of thestandalone financial statements of the current period. Thesematters were addressed in the context of our audit of thestandalone financial statements as a whole, and in formingour opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separateopinion on these matters.
Provision for Warranty
See Note 27 to standalone financial statements
The key audit matter
How the matter was addressed in our audit
The Company incurs a liability for warranty contractson new vehicle sales, in terms of which it is obligated toprovide repair services for manufacturing defects over thecontractual warranty period. As detailed in note 27 of thestandalone financial statements, as at 31 March 2025, theCompany has warranty provisions of Rs. 2,291 crores.
The Company records a warranty provision at period endwhich involves complexity, judgement and significant levelof uncertainty. The computation of the provision considersthe historical actual claims data and the recent data trendsto estimate the expected payouts for vehicles sold inrespective years. Such expected payouts are adjusted forany cost savings expected from various ongoing qualityinitiatives. There is an inherent uncertainty related tofuture events which may not mirror past experience. Thelikelihood of risk of material misstatement has furtherincreased due to increasing warranty spend in the yearwhich has diverged from provision levels.
In view of the significance of the matter we applied the followingaudit procedures in this area
Test of Controls:
Evaluated the design and implementation and tested theoperating effectiveness of controls related to computation andapproval of the warranty provisions. This includes evaluation ofassumptions and information related to expected warranty costper vehicle and future events related to expected cost savingsunderlying the warranty provision computation.
Test of details:
• Evaluated any changes made to the provision policy andcomputation model;
• Assessed and challenged the assumptions and recomputedthe inputs used in warranty provision computation;
• Identified and tested the completeness and accuracyof underlying information used in computation of
provision with the assistance of our Informationtechnology specialists;
We determined provision for product warranty as a
key
• Tested actualization of estimated warranty provision using
audit matter due to high estimation uncertaintyinvolvement of significant judgement.
and
statistical sampling;
• Performed retrospective assessment of provision bycomparing estimated and actual payments againstwarranty claims; and
• Evaluated the adequacy of disclosures relating to theestimation of Product warranty provisions.
The Company's Management and Board of Directors areresponsible for the other information. The other informationcomprises the information included in the annual report,but does not include the financial statements and auditor'sreport thereon. The annual report is expected to be madeavailable to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does notcover the other information and we will not express any formof assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financialstatements, our responsibility is to read the other informationidentified above when it becomes available and, in doingso, consider whether the other information is materiallyinconsistent with the standalone financial statements or ourknowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to bematerially misstated.
When we read the annnual report, if we conclude thatthere is a material misstatement therein, we are required tocommunicate the matter to those charged with governanceand take necessary actions, as applicable under the relevantlaws and regulations.
The Company's Management and Board of Directors areresponsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Actwith respect to the preparation of these standalone financialstatements that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs,profit/ loss and other comprehensive income, changes inequity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with theaccounting principles generally accepted in India, includingthe Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified underSection 133 of the Act. The respective Management and Boardof Directors of the Company and its joint operation company(including its subsidiary company) and Board of Trusteesof the Trust are responsible for maintenance of adequate
accounting records in accordance with the provisions of theAct for safeguarding of the assets of the Company, its jointoperation (including its subsidiary company) and its Trust andfor preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities;selection and application of appropriate accounting policies;making judgments and estimates that are reasonable andprudent; and design, implementation and maintenance ofadequate internal financial controls, that were operatingeffectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness ofthe accounting records, relevant to the preparation andpresentation of the standalone financial statements that givea true and fair view and are free from material misstatement,whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, therespective Management and Board of Directors/Board ofTrustees are responsible for assessing the ability of eachcompany/Trust to continue as a going concern, disclosing, asapplicable, matters related to going concern and using thegoing concern basis of accounting unless the respective Boardof Directors/Board of Trustees either intends to liquidate thecompany/Trust or to cease operations, or has no realisticalternative but to do so.
The respective Board of Directors/Board of Trustees areresponsible for overseeing the financial reporting process ofeach company/Trust.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance aboutwhether the standalone financial statements as a wholeare free from material misstatement, whether due to fraudor error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes ouropinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance,but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordancewith SAs will always detect a material misstatement when itexists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and areconsidered material if, individually or in the aggregate, theycould reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of users taken on the basis of these standalonefinancial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professional skepticismthroughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatementof the standalone financial statements, whether dueto fraud or error, design and perform audit proceduresresponsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidencethat is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basisfor our opinion. The risk of not detecting a materialmisstatement resulting from fraud is higher than forone resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion,forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, orthe override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant tothe audit in order to design audit procedures that areappropriate in the circumstances. Under Section 143(3)
(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing ouropinion on whether the company has adequate internalfinancial controls with reference to financial statementsin place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policiesused and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesand related disclosures made by the Management andBoard of Directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Managementand Board of Directors use of the going concern basisof accounting in preparation of standalone financialstatements and, based on the audit evidence obtained,whether a material uncertainty exists related to eventsor conditions that may cast significant doubt on theCompany's ability to continue as a going concern. Ifwe conclude that a material uncertainty exists, weare required to draw attention in our auditor's reportto the related disclosures in the standalone financialstatements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, tomodify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on theaudit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor'sreport. However, future events or conditions may causethe Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and contentof the standalone financial statements, including thedisclosures, and whether the standalone financialstatements represent the underlying transactions andevents in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance of theCompany and such other entities included in the standalonefinancial statements of which we are the independentauditors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, includingany significant deficiencies in internal control that we identifyduring our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with astatement that we have complied with relevant ethicalrequirements regarding independence, and to communicatewith them all relationships and other matters that mayreasonably be thought to bear on our independence, andwhere applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were of mostsignificance in the audit of the standalone financial statementsof the current period and are therefore the key audit matters.We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless lawor regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter orwhen, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that amatter should not be communicated in our report becausethe adverse consequences of doing so would reasonablybe expected to outweigh the public interest benefits ofsuch communication.
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order,2020 ("the Order") issued by the Central Government ofIndia in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give inthe "Annexure A" a statement on the matters specified inparagraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2 A. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as requiredby law have been kept by the Company so far asit appears from our examination of those booksexcept for the matters stated in the paragraph2(B)(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of theCompanies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
c. The standalone balance sheet, the standalonestatement of profit and loss (including othercomprehensive income), the standalone statementof changes in equity and the standalone statementof cash flows dealt with by this Report are inagreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financialstatements comply with the Ind AS specified underSection 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors of the Company and itsjoint operation company (including its subsidiarycompany) as on 1 April 2025 to 10 April 2025 takenon record by the respective Board of Directors,none of the directors is disqualified as on 31 March2025 from being appointed as a director in terms ofSection 164(2) of the Act.
f. the modification relating to the maintenance ofaccounts and other matters connected therewithare as stated in the paragraph 2(A)(b) above onreporting under Section 143(3)(b) of the Act andparagraph 2B(f) below on reporting under Rule11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors)Rules, 2014.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internal financialcontrols with reference to financial statementsof the Company and its joint operation company(including its subsidiary company) incorporatedin India and the operating effectiveness of suchcontrols, refer to our separate Report in "AnnexureB".
B. With respect to the other matters to be included inthe Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of theCompanies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, in ouropinion and to the best of our information and accordingto the explanations given to us:
a. The Company has disclosed the impact ofpending litigations as at 31 March 2025 on itsfinancial position in its standalone financialstatements - Refer Note 39 to the standalonefinancial statements.
b. The Company has made provision, as requiredunder the applicable law or accounting standards,for material foreseeable losses, if any, on long-termcontracts including derivative contracts - ReferNote 50 (ii) to the standalone financial statements.
c. There is one instance of delay in transferringamounts, required to be transferred, to theInvestor Education and Protection Fund by theCompany amounting to Rs. 0.08 crores during theyear. Further, there were no amounts which wererequired to be transferred to the Investor Educationand Protection Fund by the joint operationcompany (including its subsidiary company).
d. (i) The respective management of the Company
and its joint operation company (including itssubsidiary company) incorporated in Indiawhose financial statements has been auditedunder the Act has represented to us that, to
the best of its knowledge and belief, otherthan as disclosed in the Note 49 (IV) to thestandalone financial statements, no fundshave been advanced or loaned or invested(either from borrowed funds or share premiumor any other sources or kind of funds) by theCompany and its joint operation company(including its subsidiary company) to or inany other person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries"), with theunderstanding, whether recorded in writing orotherwise, that the Intermediary shall directlyor indirectly lend or invest in other persons orentities identified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Company and its jointoperation company (including its subsidiarycompany) ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") orprovide any guarantee, security or the like onbehalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(ii) The respective management of the Companyand its joint operation company (including itssubsidiary company) incorporated in Indiawhose financial statements has been auditedunder the Act has represented to us that, to thebest of its knowledge and belief, as disclosedin the Note 49 (V) to the standalone financialstatements, no funds have been receivedby the Company and its joint operationcompany (including its subsidiary company)from any person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Funding Parties"), with theunderstanding, whether recorded in writingor otherwise, that the Company and its jointoperation company (including its subsidiarycompany) shall directly or indirectly, lend orinvest in other persons or entities identifiedin any manner whatsoever by or on behalf ofthe Funding Parties ("Ultimate Beneficiaries")or provide any guarantee, security or the likeon behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures that have beenconsidered reasonable and appropriate inthe circumstances, nothing has come to ournotice that has caused us to believe that therepresentations under sub-clause (i) and (ii) ofRule 11(e), as provided under (i) and (ii) above,contain any material misstatement.
e. The final dividend paid by the Company duringthe year, in respect of the same declared for theprevious year, is in accordance with Section 123of the Act to the extent it applies to paymentof dividend.
As stated in Note 21(B)(g) to the standalonefinancial statements, the Board of Directors of theCompany has proposed final dividend for the yearwhich is subject to the approval of the membersat the ensuing Annual General Meeting. Thedividend declared is in accordance with Section123 of the Act to the extent it applies to declarationof dividend.
The interim dividend declared and paid by the jointoperation company during the year is in accordancewith Section 123 of the Act.
f. Based on our examination which included testchecks, except for the instances mentioned below,the Company and its joint operation company(including its subsidiary company) have usedaccounting softwares for maintaining its booksof account which, along with privilege accessmanagement tool, wherever applicable, have afeature of recording audit trail (edit log) facilityand the same has operated throughout the yearfor all relevant transactions recorded in therespective softwares:
i. In respect of the Company, the feature ofrecording audit trail (edit log) facility was notenabled at the database level to log any directdata changes for the accounting softwareused for maintaining price master, variablemarketing expenses and time records forproduct development cost.
ii. In respect of the Company, in the absence ofcoverage of audit trail (edit log) with respectto database level in the independent auditor'sreport in relation to controls at the serviceorganization for accounting software used forpreparation of financial statements, whichis operated by third party software serviceprovider, we are unable to comment whetherthe audit trail feature of the databaselevel of the said software was enabled andoperated throughout the year for all relevanttransactions recorded in the software.
iii. In respect of the joint operation company(including its subsidiary company), for theaccounting software used for maintaining:
• its general ledger, the feature ofrecording audit trail (edit log) facilitywas not enabled from 1 April 2024 to29 January 2025. Further, the audit trail
feature was not enabled in respect ofdirect create action at the database level.
• its payroll records, the feature ofrecording audit trail (edit log) facility wasnot enabled for the period from 1 April2024 to 21 March 2025.
Further, where audit trail (edit log) facility was enabledand operated, we did not come across any instance ofthe audit trail feature being tampered with. Additionally,except where the audit trail (edit log) facility was notenabled in the previous year, the audit trail has beenpreserved by the Company and its joint operationcompany (including its subsidiary company) as per thestatutory requirements for record retention, exceptfor the accounting software used for preparation offinancial statements where the audit trail has notbeen preserved.
C. With respect to the matter to be included in the Auditor'sReport under Section 197(16) of the Act:
In our opinion and according to the information andexplanations given to us the remuneration paid bythe Company to its directors during the current yearis in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 ofthe Act. The remuneration paid to any director by theCompany is not in excess of the limit laid down underSection 197 of the Act. The Ministry of Corporate Affairshas not prescribed other details under Section 197(16)of the Act which are required to be commented uponby us.
Further, with respect to the joint operation company(including its subsidiary company) included in thestandalone financial statements, in our opinion andaccording to the information and explanations givento us, the provisions of Section 197 of the Act are notapplicable to the joint operation company (including itssubsidiary company) incorporated in India since it is nota public company.
For B S R & Co. LLP
Chartered AccountantsFirm's Registration No.:101248W/W-100022
Vijay Mathur
Partner
Membership No.: 046476ICAI UDIN:25046476BMOWLY1411
Place: MumbaiDate: 13 May 2025