We have audited the accompanying standalone financialstatements of Eicher Motors Limited ("the Company"),which comprise the Balance sheet as at March 31, 2025,the Statement of Profit and Loss, including the Statementof Other Comprehensive Income, the Cash Flow Statementand the Statement of Changes in Equity for the year thenended, and notes to the Standalone financial statements,including a summary of material accounting policies andother explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information andaccording to the explanations given to us, the aforesaidstandalone financial statements give the informationrequired by the Companies Act, 2013, as amended ("theAct") in the manner so required and give a true and fairview in conformity with the accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company asat March 31, 2025, its profit including other comprehensiveloss, its cash flows and the changes in equity for the yearended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit of the standalone financialstatements in accordance with the Standards on Auditing(SAs), as specified under section 143(10) of the Act.
Our responsibilities under those Standards are furtherdescribed in the 'Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit ofthe Standalone Financial Statements' section of our report.
We are independent of the Company in accordance withthe 'Code of Ethics' issued by the Institute of CharteredAccountants of India together with the ethical requirementsthat are relevant to our audit of the financial statementsunder the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder,and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities inaccordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics.We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained issufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our auditopinion on the standalone financial statements.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgment, were of most significance in our audit of thestandalone financial statements for the financial year endedMarch 31, 2025. These matters were addressed in thecontext of our audit of the standalone financial statementsas a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we donot provide a separate opinion on these matters. For eachmatter below, our description of how our audit addressed thematter is provided in that context.
We have determined the matters described below to bethe key audit matters to be communicated in our report.We have fulfilled the responsibilities described in theAuditor's responsibilities for the audit of the standalonefinancial statements section of our report, including inrelation to these matters. Accordingly, our audit includedthe performance of procedures designed to respond toour assessment of the risks of material misstatement ofthe standalone financial statements. The results of ouraudit procedures, including the procedures performedto address the matters below, provide the basis forour audit opinion on the accompanying standalonefinancial statements.
Key audit matters
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Intangible assets under development (Refer to the accounting estimates and judgements in Note 3 and Note 7 to the standalone financialstatements)
The Company has various internally generated intangible
Our audit procedures included but were not limited to the following:
projects under development. Initial recognition of the
• Assessed whether the Company's Internally generated intangible
development expenditure under these projects is based on
assets- research and development expenditure accounting policies is
assessing each project in relation to specific recognitioncriteria that needs to be met for capitalization. In addition,the management also assess indication of impairment of the
in compliance with Ind AS 38 "Intangible Assets".
• We assessed the design, implementation and operating effectiveness
carrying value of assets which requires management judgmentand assumptions as affected by future market or economicdevelopments.
over management process of identifying and capitalizing thedevelopment expenditure in accordance with the accountingprinciples of capitalization of expenditure on internally generatedintangible assets as per Ind AS 38 such as technical feasibility of the
Due to the materiality of the assets under development
project, intention and ability to complete the intangible asset, ability
recognized and the level of management judgement involved,
to use or sell the asset, generation of future economic benefits and
initial recognition and measurement of internally generatedintangible assets under development has been considered as a
the ability to measure costs reliably.
key audit matter.
• We performed test of details of development expenditure capitalizedby reviewing the key assumptions including the authorization of thestage of the project in the development phase, the accuracy of costsincluded and assessing the useful economic life attributed to theasset. In addition, we considered whether any indicators of impairmentwere present by understanding the business rationale for projects.
We tested the disclosure relating to research and development expenditure inthe standalone financial statements.
Revenue Recognition (Refer to the accounting policies in Note 3 to the standalone financial statements)
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised upon the transfer
Our audit procedures included the following:
of control of the goods to the customer, upon dispatch from
• We assessed whether the Company's revenue recognition accounting
factory / depot. The Company uses a variety of shipment terms
policies are in compliance with Ind AS 115 "Revenue from contracts
across its operating markets, and this has an impact on thetiming of revenue recognition. There is a risk that revenue couldbe recognised in the incorrect period for sales transactionsoccurring on and around the year end therefore revenue
with customers".
• We assessed the design, implementation and operating effectivenessof the Company's process of recognizing the revenue from sales of
recognition has been identified as a key audit matter.
goods with regard to the timing of the revenue recognition as per thesales terms with the customers.
• We performed test of details of the sales transactions testing basedon a representative sampling of the sales orders to test that therelated revenues and trade receivables are recorded taking intoconsideration the terms and conditions of the sale orders, includingthe shipping terms.
• We also performed audit procedures relating to revenue recognitionby agreeing dispatches from factory / depot occurring around theyear end to supporting documentation to establish that revenueand corresponding trade receivables are properly recorded in thecorrect period.
Other Information
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for theother information. The other information comprises theinformation included in the Annual report, but does notinclude the standalone financial statements and ourauditor's report thereon.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does notcover the other information and we do not express any formof assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financialstatements, our responsibility is to read the otherinformation and, in doing so, consider whether such otherinformation is materially inconsistent with the financial
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit orotherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based onthe work we have performed, we conclude that there is amaterial misstatement of this other information, we arerequired to report that fact. We have nothing to reportin this regard.
Responsibilities of the Management for theStandalone Financial Statements
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for thematters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect tothe preparation of these standalone financial statementsthat give a true and fair view of the financial position,financial performance including other comprehensiveloss, cash flows and changes in equity of the Company
in accordance with the accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards(Ind AS) specified under section 133 of the Act read withthe Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015,as amended. This responsibility also includes maintenanceof adequate accounting records in accordance with theprovisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of theCompany and for preventing and detecting frauds andother irregularities; selection and application of appropriateaccounting policies; making judgments and estimates thatare reasonable and prudent; and the design, implementationand maintenance of adequate internal financial controls,that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracyand completeness of the accounting records, relevant to thepreparation and presentation of the standalone financialstatements that give a true and fair view and are free frommaterial misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements,management is responsible for assessing the Company'sability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, asapplicable, matters related to going concern and using thegoing concern basis of accounting unless managementeither intends to liquidate the Company or to ceaseoperations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeingthe Company's financial reporting process.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of theStandalone Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance aboutwhether the standalone financial statements as a wholeare free from material misstatement, whether due to fraudor error, and to issue an auditor's report that includesour opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level ofassurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conductedin accordance with SAs will always detect a materialmisstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise fromfraud or error and are considered material if, individuallyor in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected toinfluence the economic decisions of users taken on the basisof these standalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exerciseprofessional judgment and maintain professional skepticismthroughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatementof the standalone financial statements, whether dueto fraud or error, design and perform audit proceduresresponsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidencethat is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basisfor our opinion. The risk of not detecting a materialmisstatement resulting from fraud is higher than forone resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion,forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, orthe override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant tothe audit in order to design audit procedures that areappropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressingour opinion on whether the Company has adequateinternal financial controls with reference to financialstatements in place and the operating effectiveness
of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policiesused and the reasonableness of accounting estimatesand related disclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's useof the going concern basis of accounting and, basedon the audit evidence obtained, whether a materialuncertainty exists related to events or conditions
that may cast significant doubt on the Company'sability to continue as a going concern. If we concludethat a material uncertainty exists, we are required todraw attention in our auditor's report to the relateddisclosures in the financial statements or, if suchdisclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Ourconclusions are based on the audit evidence obtainedup to the date of our auditor's report. However, futureevents or conditions may cause the Company to ceaseto continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure andcontent of the standalone financial statements,including the disclosures, and whether the standalonefinancial statements represent the underlyingtransactions and events in a manner that achievesfair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governanceregarding, among other matters, the planned scope andtiming of the audit and significant audit findings, includingany significant deficiencies in internal control that we identifyduring our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with astatement that we have complied with relevant ethicalrequirements regarding independence, and to communicatewith them all relationships and other matters that mayreasonably be thought to bear on our independence, andwhere applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were ofmost significance in the audit of the standalone financialstatements for the financial year ended March 31, 2025,and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe thesematters in our auditor's report unless law or regulationprecludes public disclosure about the matter or when, inextremely rare circumstances, we determine that a mattershould not be communicated in our report because theadverse consequences of doing so would reasonablybe expected to outweigh the public interest benefits ofsuch communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report)
Order, 2020 ("the Order"), issued by the CentralGovernment of India in terms of sub-section (11) ofsection 143 of the Act, we give in the "Annexure 1" astatement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and4 of the Order.
2. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report tothe extent applicable, that:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the informationand explanations which to the best of ourknowledge and belief were necessary for thepurposes of our audit;
(b) In our opinion, proper books of account asrequired by law have been kept by the Companyso far as it appears from our examination ofthose books except for the matters stated
in the paragraph 2 (i) (vi) below on reportingunder Rule 11(g);
(c) The modification relating to the maintenance ofaccounts and other matters connected therewithare as stated in the paragraph (b) above onreporting under Section 143(3)(b) and paragraph(2 (i) (vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g)
(d) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profitand Loss including the Statement of OtherComprehensive Income, the Cash Flow Statementand Statement of Changes in Equity dealt
with by this Report are in agreement with thebooks of account;
(e) In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financialstatements comply with the Accounting Standardsspecified under Section 133 of the Act, read withCompanies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules,2015, as amended;
(f) On the basis of the written representationsreceived from the directors as on March 31, 2025taken on record by the Board of Directors, none ofthe directors is disqualified as on March 31, 2025from being appointed as a director in terms ofSection 164 (2) of the Act;
(g) With respect to the adequacy of the internalfinancial controls with reference to standalonefinancial statements and the operatingeffectiveness of such controls, refer to ourseparate Report in "Annexure 2" to this report;
(h) In our opinion, the managerial remuneration forthe year ended March 31, 2025 has been paid
/ provided by the Company to its directors inaccordance with the provisions of section 197read with Schedule V to the Act.
(i) With respect to the other matters to be includedin the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule
11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules,2014, as amended in our opinion and to thebest of our information and according to theexplanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact ofpending litigations on its financial positionin its standalone financial statements
- Refer Note 41 to the standalonefinancial statements;
ii. The Company did not have any long¬term contracts including derivativecontracts for which there were any materialforeseeable losses;
iii. There has been no delay in transferringamounts, required to be transferred, to theInvestor Education and Protection Fundby the Company;
iv. a) The management has represented
that, to the best of its knowledgeand belief, as disclosed in the Note57 (vii) to the Standalone financialstatements, no funds have beenadvanced or loaned or invested (eitherfrom borrowed funds or share premiumor any other sources or kind of funds)by the Company to or in any otherperson(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Intermediaries"),with the understanding, whetherrecorded in writing or otherwise, thatthe Intermediary shall, whether, directlyor indirectly lend or invest in otherpersons or entities identified in anymanner whatsoever by or on behalf ofthe Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries")or provide any guarantee, securityor the like on behalf of theUltimate Beneficiaries;
b) The management has representedthat, to the best of its knowledgeand belief, as disclosed in the Note57 (viii) to the standalone financialstatements, no funds have beenreceived by the Company from anyperson(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities ("Funding Parties"), withthe understanding, whether recorded inwriting or otherwise, that the Companyshall, whether, directly or indirectly, lendor invest in other persons or entitiesidentified in any manner whatsoeverby or on behalf of the Funding Party("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provideany guarantee, security or the like onbehalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries; and
c) Based on the audit procedures
performed that have been consideredreasonable and appropriate in thecircumstances, nothing has cometo our notice that has caused us tobelieve that the representations undersub-clause (a) and (b) contain anymaterial misstatement.
v. The final dividend paid by the Companyduring the year in respect of the samedeclared for the previous year is inaccordance with section 123 of the Act tothe extent it applies to payment of dividend.
As stated in Note 53 to the standalonefinancial statements, the Board of Directorsof the Company have proposed finaldividend for the year which is subject to theapproval of the members at the ensuingAnnual General Meeting. The dividenddeclared is in accordance with section123 of the Act to the extent it applies todeclaration of dividend.
vi. Based on our examination which includedtest checks, as stated in Note 56 to thestandalone financial statements, theCompany has used accounting softwaresfor maintaining its books of account whichhas a feature of recording audit trail (editlog) facility and the same has operatedthroughout the year for all relevanttransactions recorded in the softwaresexcept that, in respect of certain investments,
inventories and traded goods and servicetype warranties audit trail was enabledduring the course of the year. Further asexplained in Note 56 to the standalonefinancial statements, audit trail feature isnot enabled for direct changes to databaseusing certain access rights in an accountingsoftware and other software used for servicetype warranties.
Further, during the course of our audit, wedid not come across any instance of audittrail feature being tampered with, in respectof accounting softwares where the audit trailhas been enabled.
Additionally, the audit trail in respect of prioryear has been preserved by the company asper the statutory requirements for recordretention, to the extent it was enabled andrecorded in that year, as stated in Note 56 tothe standalone financial statements.
For S.R. Batliboi & Co LLP
Chartered AccountantsICAI Firm Registration Number: 301003E/E300005
per Sonika Loganey
Partner
Membership Number: 502220UDIN:25502220BMLHVQ2370Place of Signature: ChennaiDate: May 14, 2025