1. We have audited the accompanying standalone financial statementsof Ashok Leyland Limited (“the Company"), which comprise theBalance Sheet as at March 31, 2025, and the Statement of Profit andLoss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Statement ofChanges in Equity and the Statement of Cash Flows for the year thenended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, includingmaterial accounting policy information and other explanatoryinformation.
2. In our opinion and to the best of our information and accordingto the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financialstatements give the information required by the Companies Act,2013 (“the Act") in the manner so required and give a true andfair view in conformity with the accounting principles generallyaccepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at March31, 2025, and total comprehensive income (comprising of profit andother comprehensive loss), changes in equity and its cash flows forthe year then ended.
Basis for Opinion
3. We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards onAuditing (SAs) specified under Section 143(10) of the Act. Our
responsibilities under those Standards are further described inthe “Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the standalonefinancial statements" section of our report. We are independent ofthe Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by theInstitute of Chartered Accountants of India together with the ethicalrequirements that are relevant to our audit of the standalonefinancial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rulesthereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilitiesin accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. Webelieve that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key audit matters
4. Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professionaljudgement, were of most significance in our audit of the standalonefinancial statements of the current period. These matters wereaddressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financialstatements as a whole and in forming our opinion thereon, and wedo not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Impairment
Carrying value of equity investment including deemed equity investmentin Optare Plc and its subsidiary, Switch Mobility Automotive Limited(“Optare group").
(Refer to Note 1E.16, Note 1E.10 and Note 1D to the standalone financialstatements regarding the recognition, valuation and disclosure methodsof equity instruments in subsidiaries, 'Impairment Losses' and 'Criticalaccounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty'respectively).
In the standalone financial statements of the Company, the grosscarrying value of equity investment in Optare group including deemedequity is INR 2,759.25 crores* as at March 31, 2025.
Determination of carrying value of equity investment including deemedequity in Optare group is a key audit matter as the determination ofrecoverable value and/ or impairment assessment involves significantmanagement judgement. The key inputs and judgements involved inthe model for impairment assessment of investment include future cashflows, the discount rate and the long-term growth rate used.
As part of our audit, our procedures included the following:
• We obtained an understanding and evaluated the design,implementation and tested the operating effectiveness of relevantinternal controls to identify whether there are any indicators ofimpairment and where such indicators exist, the method by whichthe recoverable amount is determined by the management.
• We evaluated the following:
- Terminal growth rate by comparing it with the long-termoutlook based on the relevant macroeconomic factors for thegeography in which the entities are operating.
- Board approved budgets considering growth and other cashflow projections provided by the Company's managementand compared those with the actual results of prior years toassess the appropriateness of the forecast.
- The competence, capabilities and objectivity of themanagement's expert involved in the valuation process.
• We, along with the auditors' experts, evaluated the appropriatenessof the measurement model and reasonableness of key assumptionslike terminal growth rate and discount rate.
• We performed sensitivity tests on the model by analysing theimpact of using other possible growth rates and discount rateswithin a reasonable and foreseeable range.
• We evaluated the adequacy of the disclosures made in thestandalone financial statements.
Other Information
5. The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the otherinformation. The other information comprises the informationincluded in the annual report, but does not include the standalonefinancial statements and our auditors' report thereon. The annualreport is expected to be made available to us after the date of thisauditors' report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not coverthe other information and we will not express any form of assuranceconclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements,our responsibility is to read the other information identified abovewhen it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether theother information is materially inconsistent with the standalonefinancial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, orotherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the annual report, if we conclude that there is amaterial misstatement therein, we are required to communicatethe matter to those charged with governance and take appropriateaction as applicable under the relevant laws and regulations.
Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for
the standalone financial statements
6. The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the mattersstated in Section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparationof these standalone financial statements that give a true and fairview of the financial position, financial performance, changesin equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with theaccounting principles generally accepted in India, including theIndian Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of theAct. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequateaccounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act forsafeguarding of the assets of the Company and for preventing anddetecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and applicationof appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimatesthat are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation andmaintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that wereoperating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completenessof the accounting records, relevant to the preparation andpresentation of the standalone financial statements that give a trueand fair view and are free from material misstatement, whetherdue to fraud or error.
7. In preparing the standalone financial statements, Board of Directorsis responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as agoing concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to goingconcern and using the going concern basis of accounting unlessBoard of Directors either intends to liquidate the Company orto cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.Those Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeing theCompany's financial reporting process.
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the standalone financial
statements
8. Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whetherthe standalone financial statements as a whole are free frommaterial misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issuean auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assuranceis a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an auditconducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a materialmisstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud orerror and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,they could reasonably be expected to influence the economicdecisions of users taken on the basis of these standalone financialstatements.
9. As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professionaljudgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout theaudit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of thestandalone financial statements, whether due to fraud orerror, design and perform audit procedures responsive tothose risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient andappropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk ofnot detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud ishigher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involvecollusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations,or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to theaudit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriatein the circumstances. Under Section 143(3)(i) of the Act, weare also responsible for expressing our opinion on whetherthe Company has adequate internal financial controls withreference to standalone financial statements in place and theoperating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies usedand the reasonableness of accounting estimates and relateddisclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of thegoing concern basis of accounting and, based on the auditevidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty existsrelated to events or conditions that may cast significant doubton the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we arerequired to draw attention in our auditors' report to therelated disclosures in the standalone financial statements or,if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Ourconclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up tothe date of our auditors' report. However, future events orconditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as agoing concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content ofthe standalone financial statements, including the disclosures,and whether the standalone financial statements representthe underlying transactions and events in a manner thatachieves fair presentation.
10. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding,among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the auditand significant audit findings, including any significant deficienciesin internal control that we identify during our audit.
11. We also provide those charged with governance with a statementthat we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regardingindependence, and to communicate with them all relationshipsand other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on ourindependence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
12. From the matters communicated with those charged withgovernance, we determine those matters that were of mostsignificance in the audit of the standalone financial statementsof the current period and are therefore the key audit matters.We describe these matters in our auditors' report unless law orregulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when,in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a mattershould not be communicated in our report because the adverseconsequences of doing so would reasonably be expected tooutweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on other legal and regulatory requirements
13. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 (“theOrder"), issued by the Central Government of India in terms of sub¬section (11) of Section 143 of the Act, we give in the Annexure Ba statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of theOrder, to the extent applicable.
14. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
(a) We have sought and obtained all the information andexplanations which to the best of our knowledge and beliefwere necessary for the purposes of our audit.
(b) I n our opinion, proper books of account as required by lawhave been kept by the Company so far as it appears from ourexamination of those books, except for the matters stated in
paragraph 14(h)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of theCompanies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended).
(c) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss (includingother comprehensive income), the Statement of Changes inEquity and the Statement of Cash Flows dealt with by thisReport are in agreement with the books of account.
(d) In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statementscomply with the Indian Accounting Standards specified underSection 133 of the Act.
(e) On the basis of the written representations received fromthe directors as on March 31, 2025, taken on record by theBoard of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as onMarch 31, 2025, from being appointed as a director in termsof Section 164(2) of the Act.
(f) With respect to the maintenance of accounts and othermatters connected therewith, reference is made to ourremarks in paragraph 14(b) above on reporting under Section143(3)(b) and paragraph 14(h)(vi) below on reporting underRule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014(as amended).
(g) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controlswith reference to standalone financial statements of theCompany and the operating effectiveness of such controls,refer to our separate Report in “Annexure A".
(h) With respect to the other matters to be included in theAuditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies(Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended), in our opinionand to the best of our information and according to theexplanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact of pendinglitigations on its financial position in its standalonefinancial statements - Refer Note 3.9 to the standalonefinancial statements.
ii. The Company was not required to recognise a provisionas at March 31, 2025 under the applicable law or IndianAccounting Standards, as it does not have any materialforeseeable losses on long-term contract includingderivative contracts.
iii. There has been no delay in transferring amounts,required to be transferred, to the Investor Education andProtection Fund by the Company during the year.
iv. (a) The management has represented that, to the best
of its knowledge and belief, other than as disclosedin Note 3.19 to the standalone financial statements,no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested(either from borrowed funds or share premium or anyother sources or kind of funds) by the Company to orin any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreignentities (“Intermediaries"), with the understanding,whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that theIntermediary shall, whether directly or indirectly, lendor invest in other persons or entities identified in anymanner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company
(“Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee,security or the like on behalf of the UltimateBeneficiaries;
(b) The management has represented that, to the bestof its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in Note3.19 to the standalone financial statements, nofunds have been received by the Company from anyperson(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities(“Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whetherrecorded in writing or otherwise, that the Companyshall, whether directly or indirectly, lend or invest inother persons or entities identified in any mannerwhatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party(“Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee,security or the like on behalf of the UltimateBeneficiaries; and
(c) Based on such audit procedures that we consideredreasonable and appropriate in the circumstances,nothing has come to our notice that has caused usto believe that the representations under sub-clause(a) and (b) contain any material misstatement.
v. The interim dividend declared and paid by the Companyduring the year is in compliance with Section 123 of theAct. Further, the Board of Directors of the Company hasapproved a second interim dividend for the year and thedividend declared is in accordance with Section 123 ofthe Act to the extent it applies to declaration of dividend.
vi. Based on our examination, which included test checks,the Company has used accounting software for
maintaining its books of account which has a featureof recording audit trail (edit log) facility and that hasoperated throughout the year for all relevant transactionsrecorded in the software, except that the audit log ofmodification does not contain (i) pre-modified values atdatabase level and (ii) the changes made by certain userswith specific access at database and application level.During the course of performing our procedures, otherthan the aforesaid instances of audit trail not maintainedwhere the question of our commenting does not arise,we did not notice any instance of audit trail feature beingtampered with. Further, the audit trail, to the extentmaintained in the prior year, has been preserved by theCompany as per the statutory requirements for recordretention.
15. The Company has paid/ provided for managerial remunerationin accordance with the requisite approvals mandated by theprovisions of Section 197 read with Schedule V to the Act.
For Price Waterhouse & Co Chartered Accountants LLP
Firm Registration Number: 304026E/E-300009
Baskar Pannerselvam
Partner
Membership Number: 213126
UDIN: 25213126BMODGJ5147
Place: Chennai
Date: May 23, 2025